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Ciências ACT - Chemistry
Aqui você aprenderá algumas palavras em inglês relacionadas à química, como "radioativo", "pipeta", "titulação", etc., que o ajudarão a acertar seus ACTs.
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a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure
polímero
each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass
isótopo
containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions
radioativo
a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule
ligação covalente
a type of chemical bond between two atoms involving the sharing of two pairs of electrons, resulting in a stronger and more stable connection than a single bond
ligação dupla
defining substances or surfaces that have a strong attraction to water molecules, allowing them to easily absorb or interact with water
hidrofílico
characterized by substances or surfaces that repel water molecules, showing little or no affinity for water
hidrofóbico
a chemical reaction that releases heat energy to its surroundings, typically resulting in a temperature increase
reação exotérmica
a chemical process that absorbs heat energy from its surroundings, often resulting in a temperature decrease
reação endotérmica
the weighted average mass of an atom of an element, taking into account the masses of all its naturally occurring isotopes
massa atômica
the total mass of all the atoms in a single molecule of a substance
massa molecular
the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
número de massa
a fundamental unit in chemistry that represents the amount of substance containing as many entities (atoms, molecules) as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12
mol
a container usually made of glass or plastic used in chemistry and laboratory
becker
a laboratory tool used to measure and transfer small volumes of liquid
pipeta
a device that spins samples to separate components based on density
centrífuga
a special paper treated with chemicals that change color in response to certain conditions, used to test for the presence of specific substances or measure pH levels
papel indicador
a tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties
tabela periódica
the process of dispersing or dissolving a substance into a solvent to form a homogeneous solution
solubilização
the arrangement, composition, and characteristics of a material at a microscopic level
microestrutura
denoting substances with a highly organized molecular structure, akin to crystals
cristalino
the measure of how much of a substance is present in a certain volume of solution
concentração
a device used to analyze the chemical composition of small samples at a microscopic scale
microsonda
a substance capable of absorbing and retaining a large amount of liquid relative to its own mass
superabsorvente
a type of metallic material composed of three or more elements mixed together in varying proportions
liga multicomponente
a tiny, tube-shaped structure made of carbon atoms, with remarkable strength and electrical properties
nanotubo
a group of atoms bonded together that behaves as a single unit within a molecule
radical
a phase is a distinct form of matter with uniform chemical and physical properties, separated from other forms by boundaries
fase
the process where calcium or calcium salts accumulate in a tissue, making it hard and rigid
calcificação
the process by which microorganisms convert carbohydrates into alcohol, acids, or gases
fermentação
to analyze or test a substance, typically in a laboratory setting, to determine its components or qualities
analisar
a scientist who studies the structure and properties of crystals
cristalógrafo
a scientist who studies the chemical composition and processes of celestial bodies to understand the formation and evolution of the universe
cosmochemista
a laboratory technique used to separate and analyze mixtures of substances based on their differential affinities for a stationary phase and a mobile phase
cromatografia
a type of radioactive decay where a nucleus emits a beta particle (electron or positron) to transform a neutron into a proton or vice versa
decadência beta
a laboratory method used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution by gradually adding a reagent of known concentration until a reaction is completed
titração
a state in a chemical reaction where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate, resulting in no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products
equilíbrio dinâmico
weak attractive forces between molecules or atoms, arising from temporary or induced dipoles
forças de Van der Waals
a scientist or engineer who specializes in the study and production of metals and alloys, including their properties, processing methods, and applications
metalurgista
the process by which molecules of a substance adhere to the surface of a solid or liquid, forming a thin film or layer
adsorção
a renewable, alternative fuel made from organic materials such as vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled cooking grease
biodiesel
(chemistry) the process of separating a liquid or solution into its parts by passing electricity through it
eletrólise
to disperse fine particles throughout a fluid so they remain evenly distributed without settling
suspender
a specific composition of a mixture of substances, typically metals or alloys, where the melting point is at its lowest possible temperature under atmospheric pressure
eutético
to make a solution or mixture weaker or less concentrated by adding more liquid
diluir
