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العلوم ACT - Chemistry

ستتعلم هنا بعض الكلمات الإنجليزية المتعلقة بالكيمياء، مثل "radioactive"، و"pipette"، و"titration"، وما إلى ذلك، والتي ستساعدك على إتقان ACTs.

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
polymer

a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure

بوليمر

بوليمر

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[اسم]
isotope

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

نظير

نظير

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[اسم]
reactive

having a tendency to to undergo chemical reactions

تفاعلي

تفاعلي

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[صفة]
radioactive

containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions

مشع

مشع

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[صفة]
covalent bond

a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule

رابطة تساهمية

رابطة تساهمية

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[اسم]
double bond

a type of chemical bond between two atoms involving the sharing of two pairs of electrons, resulting in a stronger and more stable connection than a single bond

رابطة مزدوجة

رابطة مزدوجة

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[اسم]
hydrophilic

defining substances or surfaces that have a strong attraction to water molecules, allowing them to easily absorb or interact with water

محب للماء

محب للماء

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[صفة]
hydrophobic

characterized by substances or surfaces that repel water molecules, showing little or no affinity for water

غير قابلة للماء

غير قابلة للماء

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[صفة]
exothermic reaction

a chemical reaction that releases heat energy to its surroundings, typically resulting in a temperature increase

تفاعل طارد للحرارة

تفاعل طارد للحرارة

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[اسم]
endothermic reaction

a chemical process that absorbs heat energy from its surroundings, often resulting in a temperature decrease

تفاعل ماص للحرارة

تفاعل ماص للحرارة

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[اسم]
atomic mass

the weighted average mass of an atom of an element, taking into account the masses of all its naturally occurring isotopes

الكتلة الذرية

الكتلة الذرية

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molecular mass

the total mass of all the atoms in a single molecule of a substance

الكتلة الجزيئية

الكتلة الجزيئية

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mass number

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

عدد الكتلة

عدد الكتلة

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mole

a fundamental unit in chemistry that represents the amount of substance containing as many entities (atoms, molecules) as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12

مول

مول

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beaker

a container usually made of glass or plastic used in chemistry and laboratory

بيكر

بيكر

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pipette

a laboratory tool used to measure and transfer small volumes of liquid

ماصة

ماصة

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centrifuge

a device that spins samples to separate components based on density

جهاز الطرد المركزي

جهاز الطرد المركزي

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indicator paper

a special paper treated with chemicals that change color in response to certain conditions, used to test for the presence of specific substances or measure pH levels

ورق مؤشر

ورق مؤشر

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periodic table

a tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties

الجدول الدوري

الجدول الدوري

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to dissolve

(of a solid) to become one with a liquid

يذوب

يذوب

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[فعل]
solubilization

the process of dispersing or dissolving a substance into a solvent to form a homogeneous solution

الذوبان

الذوبان

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[اسم]
microstructure

the arrangement, composition, and characteristics of a material at a microscopic level

الميكروهيكل

الميكروهيكل

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crystalline

denoting substances with a highly organized molecular structure, akin to crystals

بلوري

بلوري

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[صفة]
concentration

the measure of how much of a substance is present in a certain volume of solution

تركيز

تركيز

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microprobe

a device used to analyze the chemical composition of small samples at a microscopic scale

مسبار دقيق

مسبار دقيق

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superabsorbent

a substance capable of absorbing and retaining a large amount of liquid relative to its own mass

السائل الممتص الفائق

السائل الممتص الفائق

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multicomponent alloy

a type of metallic material composed of three or more elements mixed together in varying proportions

سبيكة متعددة المكونات

سبيكة متعددة المكونات

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[اسم]
nanotube

a tiny, tube-shaped structure made of carbon atoms, with remarkable strength and electrical properties

أنبوب نانوي

أنبوب نانوي

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[اسم]
molten

heated to a liquid state due to high temperatures

منصهر

منصهر

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[صفة]
radical

a group of atoms bonded together that behaves as a single unit within a molecule

شردة

شردة

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phase

a phase is a distinct form of matter with uniform chemical and physical properties, separated from other forms by boundaries

مرحلة

مرحلة

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calcification

the process where calcium or calcium salts accumulate in a tissue, making it hard and rigid

تكلس

تكلس

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fermentation

the process by which microorganisms convert carbohydrates into alcohol, acids, or gases

تخمير

تخمير

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[اسم]
to detoxify

to eliminate or neutralize harmful substances

إزالة السموم

إزالة السموم

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[فعل]
to assay

to analyze or test a substance, typically in a laboratory setting, to determine its components or qualities

تحليل

تحليل

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[فعل]
crystallographer

a scientist who studies the structure and properties of crystals

علماء البلورات

علماء البلورات

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[اسم]
cosmochemist

a scientist who studies the chemical composition and processes of celestial bodies to understand the formation and evolution of the universe

كيميائي الفضاء

كيميائي الفضاء

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[اسم]
chromatography

a laboratory technique used to separate and analyze mixtures of substances based on their differential affinities for a stationary phase and a mobile phase

الكروماتوغرافيا

الكروماتوغرافيا

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beta decay

a type of radioactive decay where a nucleus emits a beta particle (electron or positron) to transform a neutron into a proton or vice versa

تحلل بيتا

تحلل بيتا

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[اسم]
uncharged

not having an electrical charge

غير مشحون

غير مشحون

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[صفة]
titration

a laboratory method used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution by gradually adding a reagent of known concentration until a reaction is completed

تقدير كمي

تقدير كمي

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[اسم]
equilibrium

a state in a chemical reaction where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate, resulting in no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products

توازن ديناميكي

توازن ديناميكي

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condenser

a device that turns vapor into liquid by cooling it

مكثف

مكثف

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[اسم]
van der waal's forces

weak attractive forces between molecules or atoms, arising from temporary or induced dipoles

قوى فان دير واهل

قوى فان دير واهل

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[اسم]
metallurgist

a scientist or engineer who specializes in the study and production of metals and alloys, including their properties, processing methods, and applications

عالم المعادن

عالم المعادن

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adsorption

the process by which molecules of a substance adhere to the surface of a solid or liquid, forming a thin film or layer

الامتزاز

الامتزاز

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biodiesel

a renewable, alternative fuel made from organic materials such as vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled cooking grease

الديزل الحيوي

الديزل الحيوي

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electrolysis

(chemistry) the process of separating a liquid or solution into its parts by passing electricity through it

التحليل الكهربائي

التحليل الكهربائي

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[اسم]
to suspend

to disperse fine particles throughout a fluid so they remain evenly distributed without settling

تعليق

تعليق

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[فعل]
eutectic

a specific composition of a mixture of substances, typically metals or alloys, where the melting point is at its lowest possible temperature under atmospheric pressure

إيوكتك

إيوكتك

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[اسم]
to dilute

to make a solution or mixture weaker or less concentrated by adding more liquid

يخفف

يخفف

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[فعل]
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