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ACT Science - Chemistry

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s chemií, jako je „radioaktivní“, „pipeta“, „titrace“ atd., která vám pomohou zlepšit vaše ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
polymer

a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure

polymer

polymer

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[Podstatné jméno]
isotope

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

izotop

izotop

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[Podstatné jméno]
reactive

having a tendency to to undergo chemical reactions

reaktivní

reaktivní

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[Přídavné jméno]
radioactive

containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions

radioaktivní

radioaktivní

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[Přídavné jméno]
covalent bond

a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule

kovalentní vazba

kovalentní vazba

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[Podstatné jméno]
double bond

a type of chemical bond between two atoms involving the sharing of two pairs of electrons, resulting in a stronger and more stable connection than a single bond

dvojná vazba

dvojná vazba

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[Podstatné jméno]
hydrophilic

defining substances or surfaces that have a strong attraction to water molecules, allowing them to easily absorb or interact with water

hydrofilní

hydrofilní

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[Přídavné jméno]
hydrophobic

characterized by substances or surfaces that repel water molecules, showing little or no affinity for water

hydrofobní

hydrofobní

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[Přídavné jméno]
exothermic reaction

a chemical reaction that releases heat energy to its surroundings, typically resulting in a temperature increase

exotermická reakce

exotermická reakce

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[Podstatné jméno]
endothermic reaction

a chemical process that absorbs heat energy from its surroundings, often resulting in a temperature decrease

endotermická reakce

endotermická reakce

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[Podstatné jméno]
atomic mass

the weighted average mass of an atom of an element, taking into account the masses of all its naturally occurring isotopes

atomová hmotnost

atomová hmotnost

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[Podstatné jméno]
molecular mass

the total mass of all the atoms in a single molecule of a substance

molekulární hmotnost

molekulární hmotnost

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[Podstatné jméno]
mass number

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

hmotnostní číslo

hmotnostní číslo

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[Podstatné jméno]
mole

a fundamental unit in chemistry that represents the amount of substance containing as many entities (atoms, molecules) as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12

mol

mol

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[Podstatné jméno]
beaker

a container usually made of glass or plastic used in chemistry and laboratory

kuzel

kuzel

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[Podstatné jméno]
pipette

a laboratory tool used to measure and transfer small volumes of liquid

pipeta

pipeta

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[Podstatné jméno]
centrifuge

a device that spins samples to separate components based on density

centrifuga

centrifuga

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[Podstatné jméno]
indicator paper

a special paper treated with chemicals that change color in response to certain conditions, used to test for the presence of specific substances or measure pH levels

indikátorový papír

indikátorový papír

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[Podstatné jméno]
periodic table

a tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties

periodická tabulka

periodická tabulka

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[Podstatné jméno]
to dissolve

(of a solid) to become one with a liquid

rozpouštět

rozpouštět

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[sloveso]
solubilization

the process of dispersing or dissolving a substance into a solvent to form a homogeneous solution

solubilizace

solubilizace

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[Podstatné jméno]
microstructure

the arrangement, composition, and characteristics of a material at a microscopic level

mikrostruktura

mikrostruktura

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[Podstatné jméno]
crystalline

denoting substances with a highly organized molecular structure, akin to crystals

krystalický

krystalický

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[Přídavné jméno]
concentration

the measure of how much of a substance is present in a certain volume of solution

koncentrace

koncentrace

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[Podstatné jméno]
microprobe

a device used to analyze the chemical composition of small samples at a microscopic scale

mikrosonda

mikrosonda

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[Podstatné jméno]
superabsorbent

a substance capable of absorbing and retaining a large amount of liquid relative to its own mass

superabsorbent

superabsorbent

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[Podstatné jméno]
multicomponent alloy

a type of metallic material composed of three or more elements mixed together in varying proportions

multikomponentní slitina

multikomponentní slitina

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[Podstatné jméno]
nanotube

a tiny, tube-shaped structure made of carbon atoms, with remarkable strength and electrical properties

nanotrubka

nanotrubka

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[Podstatné jméno]
molten

heated to a liquid state due to high temperatures

tavený

tavený

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[Přídavné jméno]
radical

a group of atoms bonded together that behaves as a single unit within a molecule

radikál

radikál

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[Podstatné jméno]
phase

a phase is a distinct form of matter with uniform chemical and physical properties, separated from other forms by boundaries

fáze

fáze

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[Podstatné jméno]
calcification

the process where calcium or calcium salts accumulate in a tissue, making it hard and rigid

kalcifikace

kalcifikace

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[Podstatné jméno]
fermentation

the process by which microorganisms convert carbohydrates into alcohol, acids, or gases

fermentace

fermentace

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[Podstatné jméno]
to detoxify

to eliminate or neutralize harmful substances

detoxikovat

detoxikovat

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[sloveso]
to assay

to analyze or test a substance, typically in a laboratory setting, to determine its components or qualities

analyzovat

analyzovat

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[sloveso]
crystallographer

a scientist who studies the structure and properties of crystals

krystalograf

krystalograf

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[Podstatné jméno]
cosmochemist

a scientist who studies the chemical composition and processes of celestial bodies to understand the formation and evolution of the universe

kosmochemik

kosmochemik

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[Podstatné jméno]
chromatography

a laboratory technique used to separate and analyze mixtures of substances based on their differential affinities for a stationary phase and a mobile phase

chromatografie

chromatografie

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[Podstatné jméno]
beta decay

a type of radioactive decay where a nucleus emits a beta particle (electron or positron) to transform a neutron into a proton or vice versa

beta rozpad

beta rozpad

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[Podstatné jméno]
uncharged

not having an electrical charge

neutrální

neutrální

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[Přídavné jméno]
titration

a laboratory method used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution by gradually adding a reagent of known concentration until a reaction is completed

titrace

titrace

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[Podstatné jméno]
equilibrium

a state in a chemical reaction where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate, resulting in no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products

dynamická rovnováha

dynamická rovnováha

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[Podstatné jméno]
condenser

a device that turns vapor into liquid by cooling it

kondenzátor

kondenzátor

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[Podstatné jméno]
van der waal's forces

weak attractive forces between molecules or atoms, arising from temporary or induced dipoles

Van der Waalsovy síly

Van der Waalsovy síly

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[Podstatné jméno]
metallurgist

a scientist or engineer who specializes in the study and production of metals and alloys, including their properties, processing methods, and applications

metalurg

metalurg

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[Podstatné jméno]
adsorption

the process by which molecules of a substance adhere to the surface of a solid or liquid, forming a thin film or layer

adsorpce

adsorpce

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[Podstatné jméno]
biodiesel

a renewable, alternative fuel made from organic materials such as vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled cooking grease

biodiesel

biodiesel

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[Podstatné jméno]
electrolysis

(chemistry) the process of separating a liquid or solution into its parts by passing electricity through it

elektrolýza

elektrolýza

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[Podstatné jméno]
to suspend

to disperse fine particles throughout a fluid so they remain evenly distributed without settling

suspendovat

suspendovat

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[sloveso]
eutectic

a specific composition of a mixture of substances, typically metals or alloys, where the melting point is at its lowest possible temperature under atmospheric pressure

eutektoid

eutektoid

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[Podstatné jméno]
to dilute

to make a solution or mixture weaker or less concentrated by adding more liquid

naředit

naředit

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[sloveso]
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