Naturwissenschaften ACT - Chemistry

polymer [Nomen]

a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure

Polymer

Ex: Polyethylene is a common polymer used in the production of plastic bags , bottles , and various packaging materials .

Polymer ist ein gebräuchliches Polymer, das bei der Herstellung von Plastiktüten, Flaschen und verschiedenen Verpackungsmaterialien verwendet wird.

isotope [Nomen]

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

Isotop

Ex: Carbon-12 and carbon-14 are isotopes of carbon , with the former having 6 neutrons and the latter having 8 neutrons .

Kohlenstoff-12 und Kohlenstoff-14 sind Isotope des Kohlenstoffs, wobei ersteres 6 Neutronen und letzteres 8 Neutronen hat.

reactive [Adjektiv]

having a tendency to undergo chemical reactions

reaktiv

Ex: Sodium is highly reactive with water .

Natrium ist sehr reaktiv mit Wasser.

radioactive [Adjektiv]

containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions

radioaktiv

Ex: Radioactive isotopes are used in medical imaging for diagnostic purposes .

Radioaktive Isotope werden in der medizinischen Bildgebung zu diagnostischen Zwecken eingesetzt.

covalent bond [Nomen]

a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule

kovalente Bindung

Ex: Covalent bonds are like atoms sharing electron hugs to stick together .

Kovalente Bindungen sind wie Atome, die Elektronen-Umarmungen teilen, um zusammenzuhalten.

double bond [Nomen]

a type of chemical bond between two atoms involving the sharing of two pairs of electrons, resulting in a stronger and more stable connection than a single bond

Doppelbindung

Ex: Ethylene ( C₂H₄ ) contains a double bond between two carbon atoms , allowing it to participate in polymerization reactions .

Ethylen (C₂H₄) enthält eine Doppelbindung zwischen zwei Kohlenstoffatomen, was es ihm ermöglicht, an Polymerisationsreaktionen teilzunehmen.

hydrophilic [Adjektiv]

defining substances or surfaces that have a strong attraction to water molecules, allowing them to easily absorb or interact with water

hydrophil

Ex: The hydrophilic nature of cellulose fibers in paper towels makes them effective at absorbing spills .

Die hydrophile Natur der Zellulosefasern in Papiertüchern macht sie effektiv beim Aufsaugen von Verschüttungen.

hydrophobic [Adjektiv]

characterized by substances or surfaces that repel water molecules, showing little or no affinity for water

hydrophob

Ex: The hydrophobic coating on a rain jacket causes water to bead and roll off its surface.

Die hydrophobe Beschichtung auf einer Regenjacke bewirkt, dass Wasser perlt und von ihrer Oberfläche abrollt.

exothermic reaction [Nomen]

a chemical reaction that releases heat energy to its surroundings, typically resulting in a temperature increase

exotherme Reaktion

Ex: Combustion of propane in a gas stove is an exothermic reaction that releases heat and light .

Die Verbrennung von Propan in einem Gasherd ist eine exotherme Reaktion, die Wärme und Licht freisetzt.

endothermic reaction [Nomen]

a chemical process that absorbs heat energy from its surroundings, often resulting in a temperature decrease

endotherme Reaktion

Ex: When ammonium nitrate dissolves in water , the endothermic reaction causes the solution to cool .

Wenn Ammoniumnitrat in Wasser gelöst wird, bewirkt die endotherme Reaktion, dass die Lösung abkühlt.

atomic mass [Nomen]

the weighted average mass of an atom of an element, taking into account the masses of all its naturally occurring isotopes

Atommasse

Ex: The atomic mass of carbon is approximately 12.01 because it averages the masses of carbon-12 and carbon-13 isotopes .

Die Atommasse von Kohlenstoff beträgt etwa 12,01, weil sie die Durchschnittsmasse der Isotope Kohlenstoff-12 und Kohlenstoff-13 darstellt.

molecular mass [Nomen]

the total mass of all the atoms in a single molecule of a substance

Molekularmasse

mass number [Nomen]

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Massenzahl

Ex: The mass number of carbon-12 is 12 , as it has 6 protons and 6 neutrons .

Die Massenzahl von Kohlenstoff-12 beträgt 12, da es 6 Protonen und 6 Neutronen hat.

mole [Nomen]

a fundamental unit in chemistry that represents the amount of substance containing as many entities (atoms, molecules) as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12

Mol

Ex: One mole of water contains 6.022 x 10²³ water molecules .

Ein Mol Wasser enthält 6,022 x 10²³ Wassermoleküle.

beaker [Nomen]

a container usually made of glass or plastic used in chemistry and laboratory

Becherglas

pipette [Nomen]

a laboratory tool used to measure and transfer small volumes of liquid

Pipette

Ex: She carefully calibrated the pipette before transferring the sample into the test tube .

Sie kalibrierte die Pipette sorgfältig, bevor sie die Probe in das Reagenzglas übertrug.

centrifuge [Nomen]

a device that spins samples to separate components based on density

Zentrifuge

Ex: Medical tests often require the use of a centrifuge .

Medizinische Tests erfordern oft die Verwendung einer Zentrifuge.

indicator paper [Nomen]

a special paper treated with chemicals that change color in response to certain conditions, used to test for the presence of specific substances or measure pH levels

Indikatorpapier

periodic table [Nomen]

a tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties

Periodensystem

Ex: The periodic table , devised by Dmitri Mendeleev , categorizes elements into rows and columns based on their properties .

Das Periodensystem, entwickelt von Dmitri Mendelejew, kategorisiert Elemente in Zeilen und Spalten basierend auf ihren Eigenschaften.

to dissolve [Verb]

(of a solid) to become one with a liquid

auflösen

Ex: Sugar dissolves quickly in hot tea .

Zucker löst sich schnell in heißem Tee.

solubilization [Nomen]

the process of dispersing or dissolving a substance into a solvent to form a homogeneous solution

Solubilisierung

microstructure [Nomen]

the arrangement, composition, and characteristics of a material at a microscopic level

Mikrostruktur

crystalline [Adjektiv]

denoting substances with a highly organized molecular structure, akin to crystals

kristallin

Ex: The crystalline structure of snowflakes makes each one unique .

Die kristalline Struktur von Schneeflocken macht jede einzigartig.

concentration [Nomen]

the measure of how much of a substance is present in a certain volume of solution

Konzentration

Ex: The concentration of salt in the ocean water affects its buoyancy .

Die Konzentration von Salz im Meerwasser beeinflusst dessen Auftrieb.

microprobe [Nomen]

a device used to analyze the chemical composition of small samples at a microscopic scale

Mikrosonde

superabsorbent [Nomen]

a substance capable of absorbing and retaining a large amount of liquid relative to its own mass

superabsorbierend

multicomponent alloy [Nomen]

a type of metallic material composed of three or more elements mixed together in varying proportions

Mehrkomponentenlegierung

nanotube [Nomen]

a tiny, tube-shaped structure made of carbon atoms, with remarkable strength and electrical properties

Nanoröhre

Ex: Researchers are exploring the use of carbon nanotubes in the development of stronger, lighter materials.

Forscher untersuchen den Einsatz von Kohlenstoff-Nanotubes bei der Entwicklung stärkerer, leichterer Materialien.

molten [Adjektiv]

heated to a liquid state due to high temperatures

geschmolzen

Ex: The molten lava flowed down the mountainside during the volcanic eruption .

Die geschmolzene Lava floss während des Vulkanausbruchs den Berghang hinab.

radical [Nomen]

a group of atoms bonded together that behaves as a single unit within a molecule

Radikal

Ex: The hydroxyl radical is highly reactive and plays a key role in many chemical reactions.

Das Hydroxyl-Radikal ist hochreaktiv und spielt eine Schlüsselrolle in vielen chemischen Reaktionen.

phase [Nomen]

a phase is a distinct form of matter with uniform chemical and physical properties, separated from other forms by boundaries

Phase

Ex: Ice , water , and steam are the three phases of H2O.

Eis, Wasser und Dampf sind die drei Phasen von H2O.

calcification [Nomen]

the process where calcium or calcium salts accumulate in a tissue, making it hard and rigid

Verkalkung

Ex: The calcification of bones is essential for maintaining their strength and structure .

Die Verkalkung der Knochen ist entscheidend für die Erhaltung ihrer Stärke und Struktur.

fermentation [Nomen]

the process by which microorganisms convert carbohydrates into alcohol, acids, or gases

Gärung

Ex: The fermentation of dough by yeast produces carbon dioxide gas , causing the dough to rise and become light and airy when baked .

Die Fermentation des Teigs durch Hefe erzeugt Kohlendioxidgas, wodurch der Teig aufgeht und beim Backen leicht und luftig wird.

to detoxify [Verb]

to eliminate or neutralize harmful substances

entgiften

Ex: Environmental initiatives aim to detoxify polluted water sources for the well-being of aquatic ecosystems .

Umweltinitiativen zielen darauf ab, verschmutzte Wasserquellen zum Wohle der aquatischen Ökosysteme zu entgiften.

to assay [Verb]

to analyze or test a substance, typically in a laboratory setting, to determine its components or qualities

analysieren

Ex: Scientists assay soil samples to measure nutrient levels .

Wissenschaftler analysieren Bodenproben, um die Nährstoffgehalte zu messen.

crystallographer [Nomen]

a scientist who studies the structure and properties of crystals

Kristallograph

Ex: The crystallographer used X-ray diffraction to analyze the mineral samples .

Der Kristallograph nutzte die Röntgenbeugung, um die Mineralproben zu analysieren.

cosmochemist [Nomen]

a scientist who studies the chemical composition and processes of celestial bodies to understand the formation and evolution of the universe

Kosmochemiker

chromatography [Nomen]

a laboratory technique used to separate and analyze mixtures of substances based on their differential affinities for a stationary phase and a mobile phase

Chromatographie

Ex: The scientist used chromatography to separate the pigments in a leaf extract .

Der Wissenschaftler verwendete Chromatographie, um die Pigmente in einem Blattextrakt zu trennen.

beta decay [Nomen]

a type of radioactive decay where a nucleus emits a beta particle (electron or positron) to transform a neutron into a proton or vice versa

Beta-Zerfall

Ex: Carbon-14 undergoes beta decay to nitrogen-14 with the emission of an electron .

Kohlenstoff-14 unterliegt einem Betazerfall zu Stickstoff-14 unter Emission eines Elektrons.

uncharged [Adjektiv]

not having an electrical charge

ungeladen

Ex: Water molecules are uncharged , consisting of neutral oxygen and hydrogen atoms .

Wassermoleküle sind ungeladen, bestehend aus neutralen Sauerstoff- und Wasserstoffatomen.

titration [Nomen]

a laboratory method used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution by gradually adding a reagent of known concentration until a reaction is completed

Titration

Ex: In the chemistry lab , we used titration to find the concentration of acetic acid in vinegar .

Im Chemielabor verwendeten wir Titration, um die Konzentration von Essigsäure in Essig zu bestimmen.

equilibrium [Nomen]

a state in a chemical reaction where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate, resulting in no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products

Gleichgewicht

Ex: In a dynamic equilibrium , the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction .

In einem dynamischen Gleichgewicht ist die Geschwindigkeit der Hinreaktion gleich der Geschwindigkeit der Rückreaktion.

condenser [Nomen]

a device that turns vapor into liquid by cooling it

Kondensator

Ex: The distillation setup included a condenser to collect liquid from the vapor .

Der Destillationsaufbau umfasste einen Kondensator, um Flüssigkeit aus dem Dampf zu sammeln.

van der waal's forces [Nomen]

weak attractive forces between molecules or atoms, arising from temporary or induced dipoles

Van-der-Waals-Kräfte

Ex: Water molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds, which are stronger than van der Waals forces.

Wassermoleküle werden durch Wasserstoffbrücken zusammengehalten, die stärker sind als van-der-Waals-Kräfte.

metallurgist [Nomen]

a scientist or engineer who specializes in the study and production of metals and alloys, including their properties, processing methods, and applications

Metallurg

Ex: The metallurgist conducted experiments to determine the optimal alloy composition for the new aerospace material .

Der Metallurg führte Experimente durch, um die optimale Legierungszusammensetzung für das neue Luft- und Raumfahrtmaterial zu bestimmen.

adsorption [Nomen]

the process by which molecules of a substance adhere to the surface of a solid or liquid, forming a thin film or layer

Adsorption

Ex: Activated charcoal is known for its high adsorption capacity , making it effective in purifying water and air .

Aktivkohle ist für ihre hohe Adsorptionsfähigkeit bekannt, was sie bei der Reinigung von Wasser und Luft effektiv macht.

biodiesel [Nomen]

a renewable, alternative fuel made from organic materials such as vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled cooking grease

Biodiesel

Ex: The truck runs on biodiesel , which is better for the environment than regular diesel .

Der Lkw fährt mit Biodiesel, der besser für die Umwelt ist als normaler Diesel.

electrolysis [Nomen]

(chemistry) the process of separating a liquid or solution into its parts by passing electricity through it

Elektrolyse

Ex: By subjecting saltwater to electrolysis, we can produce chlorine gas and sodium hydroxide, which have various industrial applications.

Durch die Anwendung von Elektrolyse auf Salzwasser können wir Chlorgas und Natriumhydroxid herstellen, die verschiedene industrielle Anwendungen haben.

to suspend [Verb]

to disperse fine particles throughout a fluid so they remain evenly distributed without settling

suspendieren

Ex: The scientist used a stirring mechanism to suspend the particles in the solution .

Der Wissenschaftler verwendete einen Rührapparat, um die Partikel in der Lösung zu suspendieren.

eutectic [Nomen]

a specific composition of a mixture of substances, typically metals or alloys, where the melting point is at its lowest possible temperature under atmospheric pressure

eutektisch

Ex: The eutectic composition of the alloy ensures it melts uniformly at a precise temperature suitable for casting.

Die eutektische Zusammensetzung der Legierung stellt sicher, dass sie bei einer präzisen Temperatur gleichmäßig schmilzt, die für das Gießen geeignet ist.

to dilute [Verb]

to make a solution or mixture weaker or less concentrated by adding more liquid

verdünnen

Ex: To make it more palatable , you can dilute the juice with water .

Um es schmackhafter zu machen, können Sie den Saft mit Wasser verdünnen.

Naturwissenschaften ACT
Physics	Elektromagnetismus und Mechanik	Chemistry	Chemische Substanzen und Verbindungen
Biology	Biochemie und Zellstruktur	Medizinische Wissenschaft	Neurologie und Blutbiochemie
Anatomie und Genetik	Krankheiten	Zoology	Tierleben und Evolution
Landwirtschaft und Forstwirtschaft	Botanik und Gartenbau	Geology	Geographie und Ozeanographie
Astronomie und Luft- und Raumfahrtwissenschaft