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ACT 科学 - Chemistry

ここでは、ACT のエースに役立つ「放射性物質」、「ピペット」、「滴定」など、化学に関連する英単語を学びます。

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
polymer

a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure

ポリマー

ポリマー

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[名詞]
isotope

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

同位体

同位体

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[名詞]
reactive

having a tendency to to undergo chemical reactions

反応性

反応性

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[形容詞]
radioactive

containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions

放射性

放射性

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[形容詞]
covalent bond

a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule

共有結合

共有結合

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[名詞]
double bond

a type of chemical bond between two atoms involving the sharing of two pairs of electrons, resulting in a stronger and more stable connection than a single bond

二重結合

二重結合

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[名詞]
hydrophilic

defining substances or surfaces that have a strong attraction to water molecules, allowing them to easily absorb or interact with water

親水性の

親水性の

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[形容詞]
hydrophobic

characterized by substances or surfaces that repel water molecules, showing little or no affinity for water

撥水性の

撥水性の

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[形容詞]
exothermic reaction

a chemical reaction that releases heat energy to its surroundings, typically resulting in a temperature increase

発熱反応

発熱反応

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[名詞]
endothermic reaction

a chemical process that absorbs heat energy from its surroundings, often resulting in a temperature decrease

吸熱反応

吸熱反応

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[名詞]
atomic mass

the weighted average mass of an atom of an element, taking into account the masses of all its naturally occurring isotopes

原子量

原子量

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[名詞]
molecular mass

the total mass of all the atoms in a single molecule of a substance

分子量

分子量

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[名詞]
mass number

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

質量数

質量数

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[名詞]
mole

a fundamental unit in chemistry that represents the amount of substance containing as many entities (atoms, molecules) as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12

モル

モル

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[名詞]
beaker

a container usually made of glass or plastic used in chemistry and laboratory

ビーカー

ビーカー

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[名詞]
pipette

a laboratory tool used to measure and transfer small volumes of liquid

ピペット

ピペット

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[名詞]
centrifuge

a device that spins samples to separate components based on density

遠心分離機

遠心分離機

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[名詞]
indicator paper

a special paper treated with chemicals that change color in response to certain conditions, used to test for the presence of specific substances or measure pH levels

指示薬紙

指示薬紙

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[名詞]
periodic table

a tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties

周期表

周期表

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[名詞]
to dissolve

(of a solid) to become one with a liquid

溶かす

溶かす

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[動詞]
solubilization

the process of dispersing or dissolving a substance into a solvent to form a homogeneous solution

溶解化

溶解化

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[名詞]
microstructure

the arrangement, composition, and characteristics of a material at a microscopic level

微細構造

微細構造

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[名詞]
crystalline

denoting substances with a highly organized molecular structure, akin to crystals

結晶性の

結晶性の

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[形容詞]
concentration

the measure of how much of a substance is present in a certain volume of solution

濃度

濃度

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[名詞]
microprobe

a device used to analyze the chemical composition of small samples at a microscopic scale

マイクロプローブ

マイクロプローブ

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[名詞]
superabsorbent

a substance capable of absorbing and retaining a large amount of liquid relative to its own mass

スーパー吸収剤

スーパー吸収剤

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[名詞]
multicomponent alloy

a type of metallic material composed of three or more elements mixed together in varying proportions

多成分合金

多成分合金

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[名詞]
nanotube

a tiny, tube-shaped structure made of carbon atoms, with remarkable strength and electrical properties

ナノチューブ

ナノチューブ

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[名詞]
molten

heated to a liquid state due to high temperatures

溶融した

溶融した

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[形容詞]
radical

a group of atoms bonded together that behaves as a single unit within a molecule

ラジカル

ラジカル

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[名詞]
phase

a phase is a distinct form of matter with uniform chemical and physical properties, separated from other forms by boundaries

相

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[名詞]
calcification

the process where calcium or calcium salts accumulate in a tissue, making it hard and rigid

石灰化

石灰化

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[名詞]
fermentation

the process by which microorganisms convert carbohydrates into alcohol, acids, or gases

発酵

発酵

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[名詞]
to detoxify

to eliminate or neutralize harmful substances

デトックスする

デトックスする

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[動詞]
to assay

to analyze or test a substance, typically in a laboratory setting, to determine its components or qualities

分析する

分析する

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[動詞]
crystallographer

a scientist who studies the structure and properties of crystals

結晶学者

結晶学者

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[名詞]
cosmochemist

a scientist who studies the chemical composition and processes of celestial bodies to understand the formation and evolution of the universe

コスモケミスト

コスモケミスト

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[名詞]
chromatography

a laboratory technique used to separate and analyze mixtures of substances based on their differential affinities for a stationary phase and a mobile phase

クロマトグラフィー

クロマトグラフィー

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[名詞]
beta decay

a type of radioactive decay where a nucleus emits a beta particle (electron or positron) to transform a neutron into a proton or vice versa

ベータ崩壊

ベータ崩壊

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[名詞]
uncharged

not having an electrical charge

未充電の

未充電の

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[形容詞]
titration

a laboratory method used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution by gradually adding a reagent of known concentration until a reaction is completed

滴定

滴定

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[名詞]
equilibrium

a state in a chemical reaction where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate, resulting in no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products

動的平衡

動的平衡

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[名詞]
condenser

a device that turns vapor into liquid by cooling it

コンデンサー

コンデンサー

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[名詞]
van der waal's forces

weak attractive forces between molecules or atoms, arising from temporary or induced dipoles

ファン・デル・ワールス力

ファン・デル・ワールス力

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[名詞]
metallurgist

a scientist or engineer who specializes in the study and production of metals and alloys, including their properties, processing methods, and applications

冶金学者

冶金学者

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[名詞]
adsorption

the process by which molecules of a substance adhere to the surface of a solid or liquid, forming a thin film or layer

吸着

吸着

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[名詞]
biodiesel

a renewable, alternative fuel made from organic materials such as vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled cooking grease

バイオディーゼル

バイオディーゼル

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[名詞]
electrolysis

(chemistry) the process of separating a liquid or solution into its parts by passing electricity through it

電気分解

電気分解

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[名詞]
to suspend

to disperse fine particles throughout a fluid so they remain evenly distributed without settling

懸濁する

懸濁する

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[動詞]
eutectic

a specific composition of a mixture of substances, typically metals or alloys, where the melting point is at its lowest possible temperature under atmospheric pressure

共晶

共晶

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[名詞]
to dilute

to make a solution or mixture weaker or less concentrated by adding more liquid

希釈する

希釈する

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[動詞]
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