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Vetenskap ACT - Neurologi och Blodbiokemi

Lär dig ACT-vetenskapsordförråd för neurologi och blodbiokemi, inklusive nervsystemet, hjärnfunktion, blodkomponenter, cirkulation och biokemiska processer.

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
neurogenesis
neurogenesis
[Substantiv]

the process by which new neurons are generated in the brain, occurring primarily during prenatal development but also continuing into adulthood in certain brain regions

neurogenes, neuronproduktion

neurogenes, neuronproduktion

Ex: The discovery of adult neurogenesis challenged previous beliefs about brain development. 

Upptäckten av vuxen neurogenes utmanade tidigare föreställningar om hjärnans utveckling.

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synesthesia
synesthesia
[Substantiv]

a neurological phenomenon where stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway

synestesi, synestesi

synestesi, synestesi

Ex: Researchers study synesthesia to understand how the brain processes sensory information. 

Forskare studerar synestesi för att förstå hur hjärnan bearbetar sensorisk information.

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sensation
sensation
[Substantiv]

a physical feeling or perception produced by stimulation of the body or a sense organ

förnimmelse,  känsla

förnimmelse, känsla

Ex: The cream creates a cooling sensation when applied to the skin. 
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neuron
neuron
[Substantiv]

a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body

neuron, nervcell

neuron, nervcell

Ex: The reflex arc involves a direct signal from sensory to motor neurons. 

Reflexbågen innebär en direkt signal från sensoriska neuroner till motoriska neuroner.

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white matter
white matter
[Substantiv]

the tissue in the central nervous system composed of myelinated nerve fibers

vit substans, vitt materia

vit substans, vitt materia

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parietal cortex
parietal cortex
[Substantiv]

the outer layer of neural tissue in the parietal lobe involved in sensory processing and spatial awareness

parietala cortex, det yttre lagret av nervvävnad i parietalloben

parietala cortex, det yttre lagret av nervvävnad i parietalloben

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short-term memory
short-term memory
[Substantiv]

the temporary storage of information that is currently being used or actively processed by the brain, typically for a few seconds to a few minutes

korttidsminne, arbetsminne

korttidsminne, arbetsminne

Ex: Forgetting items on a shopping list is a common example of short-term memory lapses. 

Att glömma föremål på en inköpslista är ett vanligt exempel på korttidsminnes brister.

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neurotransmitter
neurotransmitter
[Substantiv]

a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle

neurotransmittor

neurotransmittor

Ex: Serotonin acts as a neurotransmitter that affects sleep and mood. 

Serotonin fungerar som en neurotransmittor som påverkar sömn och humör.

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hippocampus
hippocampus
[Substantiv]

a curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigationa curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigation

hippocampus, böjd struktur i hjärnan som ansvarar för minnesbildning

hippocampus, böjd struktur i hjärnan som ansvarar för minnesbildning

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neuroscientist
neuroscientist
[Substantiv]

a scientist who studies the structure, function, and disorders of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord

hjärnforskare, specialist inom neurovetenskap

hjärnforskare, specialist inom neurovetenskap

Ex: The neuroscientist's research on Alzheimer's disease has led to promising new treatment approaches. 

Neuroforskarens forskning om Alzheimers sjukdom har lett till lovande nya behandlingsmetoder.

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synapse
synapse
[Substantiv]

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

synaps, överföringsplats mellan två nervceller

synaps, överföringsplats mellan två nervceller

Ex: Electrical synapses, characterized by direct electrical coupling between neurons, allow for faster communication compared to chemical synapses. 

Elektriska synapser, som kännetecknas av direkt elektrisk koppling mellan neuroner, möjliggör snabbare kommunikation jämfört med kemiska synapser.

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connectome
connectome
[Substantiv]

a comprehensive map or diagram that depicts the complete set of neural connections within a nervous system

connectom, karta över neurala anslutningar

connectom, karta över neurala anslutningar

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parasympathetic
parasympathetic
[adjektiv]

relating to the part of the nervous system that promotes relaxation and digestion in the body

parasympatisk

parasympatisk

Ex: Parasympathetic activity increases during sleep, facilitating rest and recovery. 

Parasympatisk aktivitet ökar under sömn, vilket underlättar vila och återhämtning.

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neurosis
neurosis
[Substantiv]

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

neuros, neurotisk störning

neuros, neurotisk störning

Ex: Unlike psychosis, neurosis does not involve a loss of contact with reality, but it can still significantly impact mental health. 

Till skillnad från psykos innebär neuroser ingen förlust av kontakt med verkligheten, men det kan fortfarande påverka den mentala hälsan avsevärt.

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autonomic
autonomic
[adjektiv]

relating to bodily functions that occur automatically, without conscious effort or control

autonom, vegetativ

autonom, vegetativ

Ex: Autonomic dysfunction can lead to symptoms such as dizziness or fainting. 

Autonom dysfunktion kan leda till symptom som yrsel eller svimning.

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endocrinology
endocrinology
[Substantiv]

the branch of medicine and physiology dealing with the endocrine system that controls the hormones in one's body

endokrinologi

endokrinologi

Ex: Researchers in endocrinology are investigating the complex interactions between hormones and metabolism to develop new therapeutic approaches. 

Forskare inom endokrinologi undersöker de komplexa interaktionerna mellan hormoner och metabolism för att utveckla nya terapeutiska tillvägagångssätt.

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melatonin
melatonin
[Substantiv]

a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles and promotes restful sleep

melatonin, sömnhormon

melatonin, sömnhormon

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ghrelin
ghrelin
[Substantiv]

a hormone produced mainly by the stomach that stimulates appetite and regulates hunger

ghrelin, hungerhormon

ghrelin, hungerhormon

Ex: Changes in ghrelin production can influence eating behaviors and meal timing. 

Förändringar i produktionen av ghrelin kan påverka ätbeteenden och måltidstiming.

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leptin
leptin
[Substantiv]

a hormone produced primarily by fat cells that helps regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger and promoting feelings of fullness

leptin, mättnadshormon

leptin, mättnadshormon

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estrogen
estrogen
[Substantiv]

(biochemistry) the main female sex hormone that controls reproduction and female traits

östrogen

östrogen

Ex: The ovaries release estrogen in a monthly cycle to prepare for pregnancy. 
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serotonin
serotonin
[Substantiv]

a neurotransmitter primarily found in the brain and gastrointestinal tract that plays a key role in mood regulation, appetite, sleep, and various physiological functions

serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamin (5-HT)

serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamin (5-HT)

Ex: The gut produces about 95% of the body's serotonin, influencing digestive processes. 

Tarmen producerar ungefär 95% av kroppens serotonin, vilket påverkar matsmältningsprocesserna.

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norepinephrine
norepinephrine
[Substantiv]

(biochemistry) a hormone and neurotransmitter that prepares the body for action and helps maintain alertness and focus

noradrenalin

noradrenalin

Ex: Low levels of norepinephrine are linked to fatigue and poor concentration. 
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histamine
histamine
[Substantiv]

a compound released by cells in response to injury, allergy, or immune reactions, causing inflammation, itching, and other allergy symptoms

histamin

histamin

Ex: Histamine is involved in regulating gastric acid secretion in the stomach. 

Histamin är inblandat i regleringen av magsyrautsöndringen i magen.

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lipoprotein
lipoprotein
[Substantiv]

a biochemical assembly that transports fats in the bloodstream, composed of proteins and lipids

lipoprotein, lipidprotein

lipoprotein, lipidprotein

Ex: The doctor recommended a lipid profile test to assess levels of lipoproteins in the patient's blood. 

Läkaren rekommenderade ett lipidprofiltest för att bedöma nivåerna av lipoproteiner i patientens blod.

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biomarker
biomarker
[Substantiv]

a biological indicator found in blood that can be measured and evaluated to indicate a particular physiological or pathological condition, or the response to treatment

biomarkör, biologisk markör

biomarkör, biologisk markör

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amino acid
amino acid
[Substantiv]

(biochemistry) a small molecule that cells link together to build proteins

aminosyra

aminosyra

Ex: She analyzed the amino acid composition of the plant-based protein powder. 
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acidosis
acidosis
[Substantiv]

a medical condition characterized by an excess of acid in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a lower pH than normal

acidos, acidemi

acidos, acidemi

Ex: The doctor monitored the patient closely for signs of metabolic acidosis after surgery. 

Läkaren övervakade patienten noga för tecken på metabol acidos efter operationen.

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alkalosis
alkalosis
[Substantiv]

a medical condition characterized by an excess of base or alkali in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a higher pH than normal

alkalos, alkalemi

alkalos, alkalemi

Ex: The doctor ordered blood tests to assess the patient's electrolyte levels due to suspected metabolic alkalosis. 

Läkaren beställde blodprov för att utvärdera patientens elektrolytnivåer på grund av misstänkt metabol alkalos.

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inhibitory
inhibitory
[adjektiv]

having the ability to restrain, limit, or suppress activity or function

hämmande, inhiberande

hämmande, inhiberande

Ex: Cognitive behavioral therapy teaches patients inhibitory techniques to manage impulsive behaviors. 

Kognitiv beteendeterapi lär patienter hämningstekniker för att hantera impulsiva beteenden.

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hemoglobin
hemoglobin
[Substantiv]

a protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells

hemoglobin, globin

hemoglobin, globin

Ex: Hemoglobin plays a crucial role in oxygenation. 

Hemoglobin spelar en avgörande roll vid syresättning.

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cytokine
cytokine
[Substantiv]

a small protein that regulates immune responses and cell communication in the human body

cytokin, cellsignaliseringsprotein

cytokin, cellsignaliseringsprotein

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