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Vetenskap ACT - Geologi

Lär dig ACT-vetenskapsordförrådet för geologi, inklusive bergarter, mineraler, erosion, tektonisk aktivitet, landformer, sediment och processer som formar jorden.

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
quarry
quarry
[Substantiv]

a large open excavation from which stone, rock, or similar materials are extracted

stenbrott,  brott

stenbrott, brott

Ex: Sarah could hear blasting from the nearby stone quarry. 
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fault
fault
[Substantiv]

a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock, along which there has been significant displacement due to tectonic forces

förkastning, spricka

förkastning, spricka

Ex: The earthquake occurred along a major geological fault. 
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bedrock
bedrock
[Substantiv]

solid rock beneath surface materials, forming the Earth's crust foundation

berggrund, grundberget

berggrund, grundberget

Ex: Engineers conducted a geological survey to assess the bedrock's strength before planning the construction of the dam. 

Ingenjörer genomförde en geologisk undersökning för att bedöma berggrundens styrka innan de planerade dammens konstruktion.

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shale
shale
[Substantiv]

a type of fine-grained sedimentary rock made from compacted clay or mud particles, known for its ability to split into thin layers

skiffer, lersten

skiffer, lersten

Ex: Shale deposits often contain significant reserves of natural gas. 

Skiffer-förekomster innehåller ofta betydande reserver av naturgas.

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basalt
basalt
[Substantiv]

a type of dark, fine-grained igneous rock formed from cooled lava, characterized by its dense composition and typically dark gray to black color

basalt

basalt

Ex: Basalt is commonly used in construction for its durability. 

Basalt används vanligen i konstruktion på grund av dess hållbarhet.

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granite
granite
[Substantiv]

a durable and visually appealing natural rock used for countertops, flooring, and other architectural applications

granit, granitsten

granit, granitsten

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index fossil
index fossil
[Substantiv]

a fossilized organism that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found, typically indicative of a particular time period in Earth's geological history

indexfossil, ledfossil

indexfossil, ledfossil

Ex: Index fossils help establish the geological timeline and the sequence of events in Earth's history. 

Indexfossiler hjälper till att fastställa den geologiska tidslinjen och händelseförloppet i jordens historia.

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intrusion
intrusion
[Substantiv]

(geology) the injection of magma into existing rock formations underground

intrång, magmainjektion

intrång, magmainjektion

Ex: The intrusion cooled slowly underground, forming large crystals. 

Intrånget svalnade långsamt under jorden och bildade stora kristaller.

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radiometric dating
radiometric dating
[Substantiv]

a method used to determine the age of rocks and minerals by measuring the decay of radioactive isotopes present in them

radiometrisk datering, åldersbestämning med radioaktiva isotoper

radiometrisk datering, åldersbestämning med radioaktiva isotoper

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igneous
igneous
[adjektiv]

(of rock) formed from cooled magma or lava

magmatisk, vulkanisk

magmatisk, vulkanisk

Ex: Heat and pressure can transform igneous formations over time. 

Värme och tryck kan omvandla magmatiska formationer över tid.

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metamorphic
metamorphic
[adjektiv]

related to rocks transformed by intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes, altering their mineral composition and texture

metamorf, metamorfisk

metamorf, metamorfisk

Ex: Metamorphic rocks like gneiss often exhibit distinctive banding patterns due to intense pressure and heat. 

Metamorfa bergarter som gnejs uppvisar ofta tydliga bandmönster på grund av intensiv tryck och värme.

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tectonic
tectonic
[adjektiv]

relating to the movement and arrangement of the Earth's crust

tektonisk, relaterande till jordskorpans rörelse och arrangemang

tektonisk, relaterande till jordskorpans rörelse och arrangemang

Ex: Tectonic movements can lead to the formation of mineral deposits and geological formations. 

Tektoniska rörelser kan leda till bildandet av mineralavlagringar och geologiska formationer.

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to smelt
to smelt
[Verb]

to extract metal from its ore by heating and melting it in a furnace

smälta, extrahera genom smältning

smälta, extrahera genom smältning

Ex: While I was visiting the refinery, they were smelting gold bars. 

Medan jag besökte raffinaderiet, smälte de guldbarer.

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slag
slag
[Substantiv]

the byproduct of smelting ore that forms a glass-like material, often found as a residue in mining and metalworking activities

slagg, smältrester

slagg, smältrester

Ex: The slag from the iron smelter was carefully examined under a microscope to identify any valuable minerals still embedded within its glassy matrix. 

Slagg från järnsmältaren undersöktes noggrant under ett mikroskop för att identifiera eventuella värdefulla mineraler som fortfarande var inbäddade i dess glasartade matris.

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mesozoic
mesozoic
[Substantiv]

the period of time from about 252 to 66 million years ago, characterized by the dominance of dinosaurs and the gradual breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea

mesozoikum, sekundär era

mesozoikum, sekundär era

Ex: The Mesozoic is known for the breakup of Pangaea and the gradual formation of the modern continents. 

Mesozoikum är känt för uppbrottet av Pangaea och den gradvisa bildningen av de moderna kontinenterna.

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olivine
olivine
[Substantiv]

a mineral with a greenish hue, commonly found in igneous rocks like basalt and peridotite, known for its high magnesium and iron content

olivin, peridot

olivin, peridot

Ex: The lapidary expert carefully cut and polished the raw olivine into a faceted gemstone, revealing its dazzling clarity and color. 

Lapidaryexperten skar och polerade noggrant den råa olivinen till en fasetterad ädelsten, vilket avslöjade dess bländande klarhet och färg.

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pyroxene
pyroxene
[Substantiv]

a group of minerals found in igneous and metamorphic rocks, typically dark in color and composed of silica, magnesium, and iron

pyroxen, en grupp mineraler som finns i magmatiska och metamorfa bergarter

pyroxen, en grupp mineraler som finns i magmatiska och metamorfa bergarter

Ex: Mineral collectors prized rare varieties of pyroxene for their distinctive colors and crystal formations. 

Mineral samlare värdesatte sällsynta sorter av pyroxen för deras distinkta färger och kristallformationer.

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feldspar
feldspar
[Substantiv]

a group of minerals that are the most abundant components in the Earth's crust, known for their hardness and varied colors, often used in ceramics and glassmaking

fältspat, fältspat

fältspat, fältspat

Ex: Glassmakers melted feldspar with silica and other minerals to produce clear, heat-resistant glass for windows and cookware. 

Glasmakare smälte fältspat med kiseldioxid och andra mineraler för att producera klar, värmebeständig glas för fönster och köksredskap.

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argillite
argillite
[Substantiv]

a type of rock formed from clay minerals that have been compressed and hardened over time, creating a dense and often smooth-textured material

argillit, lersten

argillit, lersten

Ex: The construction workers used argillite for decorative elements in the facade of the building, showcasing its durability and aesthetic appeal. 

Byggarbetarna använde argillit för dekorativa element i byggnadens fasad, vilket visar dess hållbarhet och estetiska tilltal.

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geologist
geologist
[Substantiv]

a scientist who studies the Earth's structure, composition, processes, and history, including rocks, minerals, fossils, and geological phenomena

geolog, vetenskapsman specialiserad på geologi

geolog, vetenskapsman specialiserad på geologi

Ex: Geologists contribute to understanding natural hazards such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. 

Geologer bidrar till förståelsen av naturliga faror som jordbävningar och vulkanutbrott.

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seismologist
seismologist
[Substantiv]

a scientist who specializes in the study of earthquakes and seismic waves, investigating their causes, effects, and patterns

seismolog, jordbävningsforskare

seismolog, jordbävningsforskare

Ex: Seismologists collaborate globally to study earthquake patterns and improve early warning systems. 

Seismologer samarbetar globalt för att studera jordbävningsmönster och förbättra tidiga varningssystem.

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epicenter
epicenter
[Substantiv]

the point on the surface of the earth vertically above the focus of an earthquake where its effects are felt most strongly

epicentrum, centrum

epicentrum, centrum

Ex: The small town, once the epicenter of the cultural movement, still retained its vibrant artistic community. 

Den lilla staden, som en gång var epicentrum för den kulturella rörelsen, behöll fortfarande sin livfulla konstnärliga gemenskap.

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temblor
temblor
[Substantiv]

an earthquake caused by underground movement or volcanic activity

jordbävning, skalv

jordbävning, skalv

Ex: The seismograph detected a minor temblor, leading to further monitoring of seismic activity. 

Seismografen upptäckte en mindre jordbävning, vilket ledde till ytterligare övervakning av seismisk aktivitet.

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tremor
tremor
[Substantiv]

a small or slight earthquake

skalv, darrning

skalv, darrning

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eruption
eruption
[Substantiv]

the sudden outburst of lava and steam from a volcanic mountain

utbrott, vulkanutbrott

utbrott, vulkanutbrott

Ex: Scientists closely monitored the volcano for signs of another eruption. 

Forskare övervakade vulkanen noga för tecken på ett nytt utbrott.

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shield volcano
shield volcano
[Substantiv]

a type of broad, gently sloping volcano formed by the eruption of low-viscosity basaltic lava

sköldvulkan, vulkanisk sköld

sköldvulkan, vulkanisk sköld

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volcanology
volcanology
[Substantiv]

a branch of geology that focuses on the study of volcanoes, volcanic activity, and related phenomena

vulkanologi, studier av vulkaner

vulkanologi, studier av vulkaner

Ex: The focus of volcanology is understanding volcanic processes. 

Fokus för vulkanologi är att förstå vulkaniska processer.

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magma
magma
[Substantiv]

liquid or semi-liquid rock that exists under the earth's surface with an extremely hot temperature

magma, smält berg

magma, smält berg

Ex: When magma cools underground, it forms intrusive igneous rocks like granite. 

När magma kyls under jorden bildar det intrusiva magmatiska bergarter som granit.

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caldera
caldera
[Substantiv]

a large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption

kaldera, vulkanisk krater

kaldera, vulkanisk krater

Ex: The Yellowstone Caldera in the United States is one of the largest and most well-known calderas globally. 

Yellowstone caldera i USA är en av de största och mest kända calderorna globalt.

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quartzite
quartzite
[Substantiv]

a tough type of rock that starts as sandstone but changes under intense heat and pressure underground, becoming very hard and durable

kvartsit, en hård typ av bergart som börjar som sandsten men förändras under intensiv värme och tryck under jorden

kvartsit, en hård typ av bergart som börjar som sandsten men förändras under intensiv värme och tryck under jorden

Ex: The temple walls were constructed from blocks of quartzite, showcasing its strength and longevity. 

Tempelväggarna byggdes av block av kvartsit, vilket visar dess styrka och långlivadhet.

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sediment
sediment
[Substantiv]

particles of rock, minerals, or organic materials that have been transported by wind, water, or ice, and deposited in layers on the Earth's surface

sediment, avlagring

sediment, avlagring

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outcrop
outcrop
[Substantiv]

a visible exposure of rock or geological strata at the Earth's surface, often occurring on hillsides, cliffs, or other elevated areas, providing insight into the underlying geological structure

utbud, bergartsutbud

utbud, bergartsutbud

Ex: The construction project was temporarily halted as the engineers examined the outcrop to ensure stable ground conditions. 

Byggprojektet tillfälligt stoppades medan ingenjörerna undersökte berggrunden för att säkerställa stabila markförhållanden.

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geothermal
geothermal
[adjektiv]

connected with or produced by the heat inside the earth

geotermisk, geothermal

geotermisk, geothermal

Ex: Geothermal drilling involves extracting heat from underground sources for various industrial processes. 

Geotermisk borrning innebär att extrahera värme från underjordiska källor för olika industriella processer.

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basin
basin
[Substantiv]

a broad depression in the earth's surface surrounded wholly or partly by higher land

bäcken,  sänka

bäcken, sänka

Ex: Sediment accumulated in the basin over millions of years. 
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continental crust
continental crust
[Substantiv]

the thick, buoyant part of the Earth's crust that forms the continents, composed mainly of granitic rocks and less dense than oceanic crust

kontinental skorpa, landskorpa

kontinental skorpa, landskorpa

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paleocontinent
paleocontinent
[Substantiv]

a landmass that existed in the geological past

paleokontinent, gammal kontinent

paleokontinent, gammal kontinent

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subduction
subduction
[Substantiv]

a geological process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle

subduktion, nedsänkning

subduktion, nedsänkning

Ex: Japan experiences frequent earthquakes due to the subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Philippine Sea Plate. 

Japan upplever frekventa jordbävningar på grund av subduktionen av den Stillahavsplattan under den Filippinska havsplattan.

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mantle
mantle
[Substantiv]

the region of the Earth's interior, lying beneath the crust and extending to the outer core, composed of solid rock that can deform and flow over geological time scales

mantel, jordens mantel

mantel, jordens mantel

Ex: Geologists study seismic waves to gain insights into the composition and structure of the mantle. 

Geologer studerar seismiska vågor för att få insikter om sammansättningen och strukturen hos manteln.

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limestone
limestone
[Substantiv]

a hard gray or white rock that contains calcium and is used for making cement or as a building material

kalksten, kalk

kalksten, kalk

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kaolinite
kaolinite
[Substantiv]

a soft, white clay mineral formed from the weathering of aluminum-rich rocks, used widely in ceramics, paper production, and as a filler in some medications

kaolinit, kaoliner

kaolinit, kaoliner

Ex: Pharmacists utilized kaolinite powder in antidiarrheal medications to absorb toxins and soothe digestive discomfort. 

Apotekare använde kaolinit pulver i antidiarremedel för att absorbera gifter och lindra matsmältningsbesvär.

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