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Agham ACT - Heolohiya

Pag-aralan ang ACT science vocabulary para sa heolohiya, kabilang ang mga bato, mineral, erosion, tectonic activity, mga anyong lupa, sediment, at mga prosesong humuhubog sa Daigdig.

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Simulan ang pag-aaral
ACT Vocabulary for Science
quarry
quarry
[Pangngalan]

a large open excavation from which stone, rock, or similar materials are extracted

quarry,  tibagan

quarry, tibagan

Ex: Michael works at a limestone quarry outside the city. 
fault
fault
[Pangngalan]

a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock, along which there has been significant displacement due to tectonic forces

sira, bitak

sira, bitak

Ex: The San Andreas Fault in California is well-known for its seismic activity. 
bedrock
bedrock
[Pangngalan]

solid rock beneath surface materials, forming the Earth's crust foundation

batong-pundasyon, saligang bato

batong-pundasyon, saligang bato

Ex: Excavation for the building's foundation revealed the presence of sturdy bedrock, ensuring stability for the structure. 

Ang paghuhukay para sa pundasyon ng gusali ay nagbunyag ng presensya ng matibay na bedrock, na tinitiyak ang katatagan ng istruktura.

shale
shale
[Pangngalan]

a type of fine-grained sedimentary rock made from compacted clay or mud particles, known for its ability to split into thin layers

shale, bato ng shale

shale, bato ng shale

Ex: The quarry extracted large quantities of shale for construction purposes. 

Ang quarry ay nag-extract ng malalaking dami ng shale para sa mga layunin ng konstruksyon.

basalt
basalt
[Pangngalan]

a type of dark, fine-grained igneous rock formed from cooled lava, characterized by its dense composition and typically dark gray to black color

basalto

basalto

Ex: The volcanic island was primarily composed of basalt. 

Ang bulkanong isla ay pangunahing binubuo ng basalt.

granite
granite
[Pangngalan]

a durable and visually appealing natural rock used for countertops, flooring, and other architectural applications

granite, bato ng granite

granite, bato ng granite

index fossil
index fossil
[Pangngalan]

a fossilized organism that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found, typically indicative of a particular time period in Earth's geological history

index fossil, gabay na fossil

index fossil, gabay na fossil

Ex: The trilobite is an index fossil commonly used to date Paleozoic rock layers. 

Ang trilobite ay isang index fossil na karaniwang ginagamit upang matukoy ang edad ng mga layer ng bato sa Paleozoic.

intrusion
intrusion
[Pangngalan]

(geology) the injection of magma into existing rock formations underground

pagpasok, pag-iniksyon ng magma

pagpasok, pag-iniksyon ng magma

Ex: The granite intrusion altered the surrounding rock layers. 

Ang pagpasok ng granite ay nagbago sa mga nakapalibot na layer ng bato.

radiometric dating
radiometric dating
[Pangngalan]

a method used to determine the age of rocks and minerals by measuring the decay of radioactive isotopes present in them

petsang radiometrik, petsa sa pamamagitan ng radioactive isotopes

petsang radiometrik, petsa sa pamamagitan ng radioactive isotopes

igneous
igneous
[pang-uri]

(of rock) formed from cooled magma or lava

igneous, bulkaniko

igneous, bulkaniko

Ex: Igneous rocks form from molten material cooling and solidifying. 

Ang mga igneous na bato ay nabubuo mula sa paglamig at pag-solidify ng tunaw na materyal.

metamorphic
metamorphic
[pang-uri]

related to rocks transformed by intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes, altering their mineral composition and texture

metamorpiko, may kaugnayan sa metamorpismo

metamorpiko, may kaugnayan sa metamorpismo

Ex: Marble is a metamorphic rock formed from the recrystallization of limestone. 

Ang marmol ay isang metamorphic na bato na nabuo mula sa muling pagkikristal ng apog.

tectonic
tectonic
[pang-uri]

relating to the movement and arrangement of the Earth's crust

tektoniko, may kaugnayan sa paggalaw at ayos ng crust ng Earth

tektoniko, may kaugnayan sa paggalaw at ayos ng crust ng Earth

Ex: Tectonic forces cause the Earth's crust to uplift, creating mountain ranges. 

Ang mga puwersang tectonic ay nagdudulot ng pagtaas ng crust ng Earth, na lumilikha ng mga hanay ng bundok.

to smelt
to smelt
[Pandiwa]

to extract metal from its ore by heating and melting it in a furnace

tunawin, kuha sa pamamagitan ng pagtunaw

tunawin, kuha sa pamamagitan ng pagtunaw

Ex: The workers smelt ore to produce iron in the foundry. 

Ang mga manggagawa ay nagtunaw ng mineral upang makagawa ng bakal sa foundry.

slag
slag
[Pangngalan]

the byproduct of smelting ore that forms a glass-like material, often found as a residue in mining and metalworking activities

dross, latak ng pagtunaw

dross, latak ng pagtunaw

Ex: The old mine was littered with heaps of slag, remnants of the smelting operations that had once thrived there. 

Ang lumang minahan ay puno ng mga bunton ng slag, mga labi ng mga operasyon ng smelting na minsan ay umunlad doon.

mesozoic
mesozoic
[Pangngalan]

the period of time from about 252 to 66 million years ago, characterized by the dominance of dinosaurs and the gradual breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea

mesosoiko, panahong sekundaryo

mesosoiko, panahong sekundaryo

Ex: The study of fossils from the Mesozoic reveals a diverse range of ancient life forms, including dinosaurs and early mammals. 

Ang pag-aaral ng mga fossil mula sa Mesozoic ay nagbubunyag ng iba't ibang uri ng sinaunang anyo ng buhay, kabilang ang mga dinosaur at unang mammals.

olivine
olivine
[Pangngalan]

a mineral with a greenish hue, commonly found in igneous rocks like basalt and peridotite, known for its high magnesium and iron content

olivine, peridot

olivine, peridot

Ex: The jeweler crafted a stunning necklace adorned with a centerpiece of olivine, capturing the gemstone's natural brilliance. 

Ang alahero ay gumawa ng isang kahanga-hangang kuwintas na pinalamutian ng isang sentro na gawa sa olivine, na nagpapakita ng natural na kinang ng hiyas.

pyroxene
pyroxene
[Pangngalan]

a group of minerals found in igneous and metamorphic rocks, typically dark in color and composed of silica, magnesium, and iron

pyroxene, isang grupo ng mga mineral na matatagpuan sa igneous at metamorphic na mga bato

pyroxene, isang grupo ng mga mineral na matatagpuan sa igneous at metamorphic na mga bato

Ex: The volcanic rock was rich in pyroxene, giving it a dark and glossy appearance. 

Ang volcanic rock ay mayaman sa pyroxene, na nagbibigay dito ng madilim at makintab na hitsura.

feldspar
feldspar
[Pangngalan]

a group of minerals that are the most abundant components in the Earth's crust, known for their hardness and varied colors, often used in ceramics and glassmaking

feldspar, feldspar

feldspar, feldspar

Ex: The ceramic artist blended feldspar with clay to create durable and beautifully glazed pottery. 

Ang ceramic artist ay naghalo ng feldspar sa luwad upang makalikha ng matibay at magandang glazed pottery.

argillite
argillite
[Pangngalan]

a type of rock formed from clay minerals that have been compressed and hardened over time, creating a dense and often smooth-textured material

argilita, bato ng luwad

argilita, bato ng luwad

Ex: The artist displayed a stunning sculpture carved from a single piece of argillite, highlighting its smooth, slate-like texture. 

Ipinakita ng artista ang isang nakakamanghang iskultura na inukit mula sa isang piraso ng argillite, na nagha-highlight sa makinis, slate-like nitong texture.

geologist
geologist
[Pangngalan]

a scientist who studies the Earth's structure, composition, processes, and history, including rocks, minerals, fossils, and geological phenomena

heolohista, siyentipiko na espesyalista sa heolohiya

heolohista, siyentipiko na espesyalista sa heolohiya

Ex: The geologist analyzed the rock formations to determine their geological age and origin. 

Ang geologist ay nagsuri ng mga rock formation upang matukoy ang kanilang geological age at pinagmulan.

seismologist
seismologist
[Pangngalan]

a scientist who specializes in the study of earthquakes and seismic waves, investigating their causes, effects, and patterns

sismologo, dalubhasa sa lindol

sismologo, dalubhasa sa lindol

Ex: The seismologist monitors seismic activity to assess earthquake risks in the region. 

Ang seismologist ay nagmo-monitor ng seismic activity upang masuri ang mga panganib ng lindol sa rehiyon.

epicenter
epicenter
[Pangngalan]

the point on the surface of the earth vertically above the focus of an earthquake where its effects are felt most strongly

episentro, sentro

episentro, sentro

Ex: The epicenter of the earthquake was located just outside the city, causing widespread damage to buildings and infrastructure. 

Ang epicenter ng lindol ay matatagpuan lamang sa labas ng lungsod, na nagdulot ng malawakang pinsala sa mga gusali at imprastraktura.

temblor
temblor
[Pangngalan]

an earthquake caused by underground movement or volcanic activity

lindol, yanig

lindol, yanig

Ex: The region experienced a small temblor, causing brief vibrations but no significant damage. 

Ang rehiyon ay nakaranas ng isang maliit na lindol, na nagdulot ng maikling panginginig ngunit walang malaking pinsala.

tremor
tremor
[Pangngalan]

a small or slight earthquake

yanig, ugaog

yanig, ugaog

eruption
eruption
[Pangngalan]

the sudden outburst of lava and steam from a volcanic mountain

pagsabog, pagsabog ng bulkan

pagsabog, pagsabog ng bulkan

Ex: The volcanic eruption sent ash and lava flowing down the mountainside. 

Ang pagsabog ng bulkan ay nagpadala ng abo at lava na dumadaloy pababa sa bundok.

shield volcano
shield volcano
[Pangngalan]

a type of broad, gently sloping volcano formed by the eruption of low-viscosity basaltic lava

bulkan na kalasag, kalasag na bulkan

bulkan na kalasag, kalasag na bulkan

volcanology
volcanology
[Pangngalan]

a branch of geology that focuses on the study of volcanoes, volcanic activity, and related phenomena

bulkanolohiya, pag-aaral ng mga bulkan

bulkanolohiya, pag-aaral ng mga bulkan

Ex: Scientists in volcanology study lava flows and volcanic ash. 

Ang mga siyentipiko sa volcanology ay nag-aaral ng mga daloy ng lava at abo ng bulkan.

magma
magma
[Pangngalan]

liquid or semi-liquid rock that exists under the earth's surface with an extremely hot temperature

magma, tunaw na bato

magma, tunaw na bato

Ex: Magma rises through cracks in the crust, fueling volcanic eruptions. 

Ang magma ay tumataas sa mga bitak ng crust, na nagpapakain sa mga pagsabog ng bulkan.

caldera
caldera
[Pangngalan]

a large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption

caldera, bunganga ng bulkan

caldera, bunganga ng bulkan

Ex: The Santorini Caldera in the Aegean Sea is a stunning example of a caldera filled with seawater. 

Ang caldera ng Santorini sa Dagat Aegean ay isang kamangha-manghang halimbawa ng isang caldera na puno ng tubig-dagat.

quartzite
quartzite
[Pangngalan]

a tough type of rock that starts as sandstone but changes under intense heat and pressure underground, becoming very hard and durable

kuwatsita, isang matibay na uri ng bato na nagsisimula bilang sandstone ngunit nagbabago sa ilalim ng matinding init at presyon sa ilalim ng lupa

kuwatsita, isang matibay na uri ng bato na nagsisimula bilang sandstone ngunit nagbabago sa ilalim ng matinding init at presyon sa ilalim ng lupa

Ex: The mountain climbers marveled at the sheer cliffs of quartzite, their surfaces glinting in the sunlight. 

Namangha ang mga umakyat ng bundok sa matatarik na bangin ng quartzite, ang kanilang mga ibabaw ay kumikislap sa sikat ng araw.

sediment
sediment
[Pangngalan]

particles of rock, minerals, or organic materials that have been transported by wind, water, or ice, and deposited in layers on the Earth's surface

latak, sedimento

latak, sedimento

outcrop
outcrop
[Pangngalan]

a visible exposure of rock or geological strata at the Earth's surface, often occurring on hillsides, cliffs, or other elevated areas, providing insight into the underlying geological structure

outcrop, paglitaw ng bato

outcrop, paglitaw ng bato

Ex: Hiking along the trail, we encountered an impressive outcrop of sedimentary rock, revealing layers formed over millions of years. 

Habang nagha-hiking sa kahabaan ng trail, nakakita kami ng isang kahanga-hangang outcrop ng sedimentary rock, na nagpapakita ng mga layer na nabuo sa loob ng milyun-milyong taon.

geothermal
geothermal
[pang-uri]

connected with or produced by the heat inside the earth

geothermal, pang-init ng lupa

geothermal, pang-init ng lupa

Ex: Geothermal energy is harnessed by tapping into hot underground reservoirs to generate electricity. 

Ang geothermal na enerhiya ay kinukuha sa pamamagitan ng pag-access sa mga mainit na underground reservoir upang makagawa ng kuryente.

basin
basin
[Pangngalan]

a broad depression in the earth's surface surrounded wholly or partly by higher land

lawa,  basin

lawa, basin

Ex: The city lies in a basin surrounded by mountains. 
continental crust
continental crust
[Pangngalan]

the thick, buoyant part of the Earth's crust that forms the continents, composed mainly of granitic rocks and less dense than oceanic crust

balat ng kontinente, krustang kontinental

balat ng kontinente, krustang kontinental

paleocontinent
paleocontinent
[Pangngalan]

a landmass that existed in the geological past

paleokontinente, sinaunang kontinente

paleokontinente, sinaunang kontinente

subduction
subduction
[Pangngalan]

a geological process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle

subduction, pagkubabaw

subduction, pagkubabaw

Ex: The subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the North American Plate has created the Cascadia Subduction Zone, known for its seismic activity. 

Ang subduction ng Pacific Plate sa ilalim ng North American Plate ay lumikha ng Cascadia Subduction Zone, kilala sa seismic activity nito.

mantle
mantle
[Pangngalan]

the region of the Earth's interior, lying beneath the crust and extending to the outer core, composed of solid rock that can deform and flow over geological time scales

balabal, ang balabal ng Daigdig

balabal, ang balabal ng Daigdig

Ex: The mantle is a layer of the Earth's interior that lies between the crust and the outer core. 

Ang mantle ay isang layer ng interior ng Daigdig na nasa pagitan ng crust at outer core.

limestone
limestone
[Pangngalan]

a hard gray or white rock that contains calcium and is used for making cement or as a building material

batong-apog, limestone

batong-apog, limestone

kaolinite
kaolinite
[Pangngalan]

a soft, white clay mineral formed from the weathering of aluminum-rich rocks, used widely in ceramics, paper production, and as a filler in some medications

kaolinite, luad na kaolin

kaolinite, luad na kaolin

Ex: The pottery artist used kaolinite clay to create delicate porcelain vases, admired for their smooth texture and fine detail. 

Gumamit ang pottery artist ng kaolinite na luwad upang lumikha ng mga maselang porselana na banga, hinangaan dahil sa kanilang makinis na texture at pinong detalye.

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