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ACT Science - Geology

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s geologií, jako je „plášť“, „tremor“, „smelt“ atd., která vám pomohou zvládnout vaše ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
quarry

a site where large quantities of rock, stone, or minerals are extracted from the Earth's crust for industrial use or construction purposes

lomy

lomy

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[Podstatné jméno]
fault

a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock, along which there has been significant displacement due to tectonic forces

zlom

zlom

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[Podstatné jméno]
bedrock

solid rock beneath surface materials, forming the Earth's crust foundation

podloží

podloží

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[Podstatné jméno]
shale

a type of fine-grained sedimentary rock made from compacted clay or mud particles, known for its ability to split into thin layers

břidlice

břidlice

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[Podstatné jméno]
basalt

a type of dark, fine-grained igneous rock formed from cooled lava, characterized by its dense composition and typically dark gray to black color

bazalt

bazalt

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[Podstatné jméno]
granite

a durable and visually appealing natural rock used for countertops, flooring, and other architectural applications

žula

žula

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[Podstatné jméno]
index fossil

a fossilized organism that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found, typically indicative of a particular time period in Earth's geological history

indexový fosil

indexový fosil

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[Podstatné jméno]
intrusion

(geology) the injection of magma into existing rock formations underground

intruze

intruze

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[Podstatné jméno]
radiometric dating

a method used to determine the age of rocks and minerals by measuring the decay of radioactive isotopes present in them

radiometrické datování

radiometrické datování

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[Podstatné jméno]
igneous

(of rock) formed from cooled magma or lava

vyvřelý

vyvřelý

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[Přídavné jméno]
metamorphic

related to rocks transformed by intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes, altering their mineral composition and texture

metamorfní

metamorfní

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[Přídavné jméno]
tectonic

relating to the movement and arrangement of the Earth's crust

tektonický

tektonický

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[Přídavné jméno]
to smelt

to extract metal from its ore by heating and melting it in a furnace

tavit

tavit

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[sloveso]
slag

the byproduct of smelting ore that forms a glass-like material, often found as a residue in mining and metalworking activities

struska

struska

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[Podstatné jméno]
mesozoic

the period of time from about 252 to 66 million years ago, characterized by the dominance of dinosaurs and the gradual breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea

mezozoikum

mezozoikum

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[Podstatné jméno]
olivine

a mineral with a greenish hue, commonly found in igneous rocks like basalt and peridotite, known for its high magnesium and iron content

olivín

olivín

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[Podstatné jméno]
pyroxene

a group of minerals found in igneous and metamorphic rocks, typically dark in color and composed of silica, magnesium, and iron

pyroxen

pyroxen

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[Podstatné jméno]
feldspar

a group of minerals that are the most abundant components in the Earth's crust, known for their hardness and varied colors, often used in ceramics and glassmaking

živcovec

živcovec

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[Podstatné jméno]
argillite

a type of rock formed from clay minerals that have been compressed and hardened over time, creating a dense and often smooth-textured material

argilit

argilit

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[Podstatné jméno]
geologist

a scientist who studies the Earth's structure, composition, processes, and history, including rocks, minerals, fossils, and geological phenomena

geolog

geolog

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[Podstatné jméno]
seismologist

a scientist who specializes in the study of earthquakes and seismic waves, investigating their causes, effects, and patterns

seismolog

seismolog

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[Podstatné jméno]
epicenter

the point on the surface of the earth vertically above the focus of an earthquake where its effects are felt most strongly

epicentrum

epicentrum

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[Podstatné jméno]
temblor

an earthquake caused by underground movement or volcanic activity

zemětřesení

zemětřesení

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[Podstatné jméno]
tremor

a small or slight earthquake

třes

třes

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[Podstatné jméno]
eruption

the sudden outburst of lava and steam from a volcanic mountain

erupce

erupce

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[Podstatné jméno]
shield volcano

a type of broad, gently sloping volcano formed by the eruption of low-viscosity basaltic lava

štěrkový vulkán

štěrkový vulkán

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[Podstatné jméno]
volcanology

a branch of geology that focuses on the study of volcanoes, volcanic activity, and related phenomena

vulkanologie

vulkanologie

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[Podstatné jméno]
magma

liquid or semi-liquid rock that exists under the earth's surface with an extremely hot temperature

magma

magma

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[Podstatné jméno]
caldera

a large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption

kaldéra

kaldéra

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[Podstatné jméno]
quartzite

a tough type of rock that starts as sandstone but changes under intense heat and pressure underground, becoming very hard and durable

kvarcit

kvarcit

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[Podstatné jméno]
sediment

particles of rock, minerals, or organic materials that have been transported by wind, water, or ice, and deposited in layers on the Earth's surface

usazenina

usazenina

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[Podstatné jméno]
outcrop

a visible exposure of rock or geological strata at the Earth's surface, often occurring on hillsides, cliffs, or other elevated areas, providing insight into the underlying geological structure

výchoz

výchoz

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[Podstatné jméno]
geothermal

connected with or produced by the heat inside the earth

geotermální

geotermální

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[Přídavné jméno]
basin

a large, bowl-shaped depression or low-lying area on the Earth's surface, typically surrounded by higher landforms and often filled with sedimentary deposits

pánve

pánve

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[Podstatné jméno]
continental crust

the thick, buoyant part of the Earth's crust that forms the continents, composed mainly of granitic rocks and less dense than oceanic crust

kontinentální kůra

kontinentální kůra

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[Podstatné jméno]
paleocontinent

a landmass that existed in the geological past

paleokontinent

paleokontinent

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[Podstatné jméno]
subduction

a geological process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle

subdukce

subdukce

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[Podstatné jméno]
mantle

the region of the Earth's interior, lying beneath the crust and extending to the outer core, composed of solid rock that can deform and flow over geological time scales

plášť

plášť

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[Podstatné jméno]
limestone

a hard gray or white rock that contains calcium and is used for making cement or as a building material

vápenec

vápenec

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[Podstatné jméno]
kaolinite

a soft, white clay mineral formed from the weathering of aluminum-rich rocks, used widely in ceramics, paper production, and as a filler in some medications

kaolín

kaolín

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[Podstatné jméno]
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