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Ciencias ACT - Geology

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la geología, como "manto", "temblor", "fundir", etc. que te ayudarán a sobresalir en tus ACTs.

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
quarry
[Sustantivo]

a site where large quantities of rock, stone, or minerals are extracted from the Earth's crust for industrial use or construction purposes

cantera, mina de piedra

cantera, mina de piedra

Ex: Quarries may expose geological features that provide valuable insights into the Earth 's history .
fault
[Sustantivo]

a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock, along which there has been significant displacement due to tectonic forces

falla, fractura

falla, fractura

Ex: Faults can range in size from small fractures to major tectonic boundaries .
bedrock
[Sustantivo]

solid rock beneath surface materials, forming the Earth's crust foundation

roca madre, estrato basal

roca madre, estrato basal

Ex: Fossils embedded in bedrock provided valuable information about ancient ecosystems and environmental conditions .
shale
[Sustantivo]

a type of fine-grained sedimentary rock made from compacted clay or mud particles, known for its ability to split into thin layers

pizarras, esquistos

pizarras, esquistos

Ex: Geologists study the composition and structure shale to understand Earth 's geological history .
basalt
[Sustantivo]

a type of dark, fine-grained igneous rock formed from cooled lava, characterized by its dense composition and typically dark gray to black color

basalto, piedra basáltica

basalto, piedra basáltica

Ex: Geologists basalt to learn about volcanic activity .
granite
[Sustantivo]

a durable and visually appealing natural rock used for countertops, flooring, and other architectural applications

granito, piedra granítica

granito, piedra granítica

index fossil
[Sustantivo]

a fossilized organism that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found, typically indicative of a particular time period in Earth's geological history

fósil guía, fósil indicativo

fósil guía, fósil indicativo

Ex: index fossils aids in understanding evolutionary patterns and ancient ecosystems .
intrusion
[Sustantivo]

(geology) the injection of magma into existing rock formations underground

intrusión, inyección

intrusión, inyección

Ex: Intrusions can deform existing rock formations .
radiometric dating
[Sustantivo]

a method used to determine the age of rocks and minerals by measuring the decay of radioactive isotopes present in them

datación radiométrica, datación por radiometría

datación radiométrica, datación por radiometría

igneous
[Adjetivo]

(of rock) formed from cooled magma or lava

ígneo, roca ígnea

ígneo, roca ígnea

Ex: The volcano erupted , spewing out molten lava that eventually igneous formations .
metamorphic
[Adjetivo]

related to rocks transformed by intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes, altering their mineral composition and texture

metamórfico, metamórfica

metamórfico, metamórfica

Ex: Geologists study metamorphic rocks to understand Earth's history.
tectonic
[Adjetivo]

relating to the movement and arrangement of the Earth's crust

tectónico

tectónico

Ex: Tectonic movements can lead to the formation of mineral deposits and geological formations.
to smelt
[Verbo]

to extract metal from its ore by heating and melting it in a furnace

fundir

fundir

Ex: Tomorrow , the miners smelt silver ore to extract the precious metal .
slag
[Sustantivo]

the byproduct of smelting ore that forms a glass-like material, often found as a residue in mining and metalworking activities

escoria, residuo de fundición

escoria, residuo de fundición

Ex: The environmental impact assessment noted the presence slag deposits near the river , highlighting potential pollution concerns .
mesozoic
[Sustantivo]

the period of time from about 252 to 66 million years ago, characterized by the dominance of dinosaurs and the gradual breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea

mesozoico, era mesozoica

mesozoico, era mesozoica

Ex: Researchers study the climate patterns of the Mesozoic to understand past greenhouse effects and their impact on biodiversity.
olivine
[Sustantivo]

a mineral with a greenish hue, commonly found in igneous rocks like basalt and peridotite, known for its high magnesium and iron content

olivina, olivino

olivina, olivino

Ex: Researchers analyzed the chemical composition olivine to understand its role in the formation of igneous rocks .
pyroxene
[Sustantivo]

a group of minerals found in igneous and metamorphic rocks, typically dark in color and composed of silica, magnesium, and iron

piroxeno, minerales de piroxeno

piroxeno, minerales de piroxeno

Ex: The museum displayed a large specimen pyroxene, showcasing its distinctive crystal structure and dark color .
feldspar
[Sustantivo]

a group of minerals that are the most abundant components in the Earth's crust, known for their hardness and varied colors, often used in ceramics and glassmaking

feldespato, feldespato mineral

feldespato, feldespato mineral

Ex: Miners feldspar from the quarry for use in industries ranging from abrasives to ceramics .
argillite
[Sustantivo]

a type of rock formed from clay minerals that have been compressed and hardened over time, creating a dense and often smooth-textured material

argilita, arcillita

argilita, arcillita

Ex: Geologists studied the geological formations of argillite to understand the ancient climates of the region.
geologist
[Sustantivo]

a scientist who studies the Earth's structure, composition, processes, and history, including rocks, minerals, fossils, and geological phenomena

geólogo, geóloga

geólogo, geóloga

Ex: geologist's research focuses on climate change impacts recorded in geological records .
seismologist
[Sustantivo]

a scientist who specializes in the study of earthquakes and seismic waves, investigating their causes, effects, and patterns

sismólogo, sismóloga

sismólogo, sismóloga

Ex: seismologist's expertise is crucial in mitigating earthquake-related hazards and protecting communities .
epicenter
[Sustantivo]

the point on the surface of the earth vertically above the focus of an earthquake where its effects are felt most strongly

epicentro

epicentro

Ex: During the pandemic , the city became epicenter of the outbreak , with hospitals struggling to manage the influx of patients .
temblor
[Sustantivo]

an earthquake caused by underground movement or volcanic activity

terremoto, seísmo

terremoto, seísmo

Ex: The school conducted earthquake drills to ensure students knew what to do in the event of temblor.
tremor
[Sustantivo]

a small or slight earthquake

temblor

temblor

eruption
[Sustantivo]

the sudden outburst of lava and steam from a volcanic mountain

erupción

erupción

Ex: eruption was so powerful that it was heard hundreds of miles away .
shield volcano
[Sustantivo]

a type of broad, gently sloping volcano formed by the eruption of low-viscosity basaltic lava

volcán en escudo, volcán escudo

volcán en escudo, volcán escudo

volcanology
[Sustantivo]

a branch of geology that focuses on the study of volcanoes, volcanic activity, and related phenomena

volcanología, vulcanología

volcanología, vulcanología

Ex: Volcanology helps predict volcanic eruptions and their impacts .
magma
[Sustantivo]

liquid or semi-liquid rock that exists under the earth's surface with an extremely hot temperature

magma, magmático

magma, magmático

caldera
[Sustantivo]

a large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption

caldera, caverna volcánica

caldera, caverna volcánica

Ex: The Aira Caldera in Japan contains the active Sakurajima volcano and forms Kagoshima Bay.
quartzite
[Sustantivo]

a tough type of rock that starts as sandstone but changes under intense heat and pressure underground, becoming very hard and durable

cuarcita, cuarzo

cuarcita, cuarzo

Ex: The sculptor quartzite for its hardness and intricate grain pattern , creating stunning artworks from the stone .
sediment
[Sustantivo]

particles of rock, minerals, or organic materials that have been transported by wind, water, or ice, and deposited in layers on the Earth's surface

sedimento, depósito

sedimento, depósito

outcrop
[Sustantivo]

a visible exposure of rock or geological strata at the Earth's surface, often occurring on hillsides, cliffs, or other elevated areas, providing insight into the underlying geological structure

afloramiento, exposición geológica

afloramiento, exposición geológica

Ex: Fossils embedded in outcrop offered a glimpse into the prehistoric life that once inhabited the region .
geothermal
[Adjetivo]

connected with or produced by the heat inside the earth

geotérmico

geotérmico

Ex: Geothermal hotspots , like Iceland and New Zealand , are areas where the Earth 's heat is particularly accessible .
basin
[Sustantivo]

a large, bowl-shaped depression or low-lying area on the Earth's surface, typically surrounded by higher landforms and often filled with sedimentary deposits

cuenca, abatimiento

cuenca, abatimiento

Ex: Geologists basin formation to understand past climate changes and tectonic processes .
continental crust
[Sustantivo]

the thick, buoyant part of the Earth's crust that forms the continents, composed mainly of granitic rocks and less dense than oceanic crust

corteza continental, crustá continental

corteza continental, crustá continental

paleocontinent
[Sustantivo]

a landmass that existed in the geological past

paleocontinente, paleocontinente geológico

paleocontinente, paleocontinente geológico

subduction
[Sustantivo]

a geological process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle

subducción, subducción tectónica

subducción, subducción tectónica

Ex: The Ring of Fire is a prominent zone of subduction-related volcanic and seismic activity encircling the Pacific Ocean basin.
mantle
[Sustantivo]

the region of the Earth's interior, lying beneath the crust and extending to the outer core, composed of solid rock that can deform and flow over geological time scales

manto, capa de manto

manto, capa de manto

Ex: Rocks in the upper mantle exhibit properties that allow them to undergo plastic deformation over long periods.
limestone
[Sustantivo]

a hard gray or white rock that contains calcium and is used for making cement or as a building material

caliza, piedra caliza

caliza, piedra caliza

kaolinite
[Sustantivo]

a soft, white clay mineral formed from the weathering of aluminum-rich rocks, used widely in ceramics, paper production, and as a filler in some medications

caolinita, arcilla de caolín

caolinita, arcilla de caolín

Ex: Environmental scientists studied the interaction kaolinite with pollutants in soil , exploring its potential role in remediation strategies .
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