Ilmu Pengetahuan ACT - Geologi
Pelajari kosakata sains ACT untuk geologi, termasuk batuan, mineral, erosi, aktivitas tektonik, bentuk lahan, sedimen, dan proses yang membentuk Bumi.
Tinjauan
Kartu flash
Ejaan
Kuis
a site where large quantities of rock, stone, or minerals are extracted from the Earth's crust for industrial use or construction purposes
tambang, lokasi penggalian
Operasi tambang melibatkan mesin berat dan bahan peledak untuk mengekstrak bahan dari batuan dasar.
a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock, along which there has been significant displacement due to tectonic forces
sesar, patahan
Patahan San Andreas di California terkenal karena aktivitas seismiknya.
solid rock beneath surface materials, forming the Earth's crust foundation
batuan dasar, fondasi batuan
Erosi sungai mengekspos batuan dasar yang mendasari, menciptakan lanskap indah tebing dan formasi batuan.
a type of fine-grained sedimentary rock made from compacted clay or mud particles, known for its ability to split into thin layers
serpih, batu serpih
Para insinyur menggunakan serpih sebagai bahan dasar untuk konstruksi jalan karena stabilitasnya.
a type of dark, fine-grained igneous rock formed from cooled lava, characterized by its dense composition and typically dark gray to black color
basal
Tebing-tebing itu terbuat dari basalt, yang memberi mereka penampilan gelap.
a durable and visually appealing natural rock used for countertops, flooring, and other architectural applications
granit, batu granit
a fossilized organism that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found, typically indicative of a particular time period in Earth's geological history
fosil indeks, fosil penunjuk
Keberadaan cangkang amonit dalam suatu lapisan berfungsi sebagai fosil indeks untuk periode Jurassic.
(geology) the injection of magma into existing rock formations underground
intrusi, injeksi magma
Intrusi sering menunjukkan komposisi mineral yang berbeda.
a method used to determine the age of rocks and minerals by measuring the decay of radioactive isotopes present in them
penanggalan radiometrik, penentuan usia dengan isotop radioaktif
(of rock) formed from cooled magma or lava
beku, vulkanik
Ahli geologi mempelajari struktur beku untuk memahami sejarah geologi Bumi.
related to rocks transformed by intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes, altering their mineral composition and texture
metamorf, berkaitan dengan metamorfisme
Pegunungan Appalachian mengandung formasi batuan metamorf yang luas.
relating to the movement and arrangement of the Earth's crust
tektonik, berhubungan dengan pergerakan dan susunan kerak Bumi
Aktivitas tektonik di sepanjang garis patahan dapat mengakibatkan gempa bumi dan letusan gunung berapi.
to extract metal from its ore by heating and melting it in a furnace
melebur, mengekstrak dengan peleburan
Para ahli metalurgi saat ini sedang melebur aluminium di pabrik.
the byproduct of smelting ore that forms a glass-like material, often found as a residue in mining and metalworking activities
terak, residu peleburan
Saat kami menjelajah lebih dalam ke gua, kami menemukan dinding yang dilapisi slag mengkilap, bukti dari ekstraksi mineral di masa lalu.
the period of time from about 252 to 66 million years ago, characterized by the dominance of dinosaurs and the gradual breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea
mesozoikum, era sekunder
Paleontolog terus menemukan spesies baru dinosaurus yang menjelajahi Bumi selama Mesozoikum.
a mineral with a greenish hue, commonly found in igneous rocks like basalt and peridotite, known for its high magnesium and iron content
olivin, peridot
Para peneliti menganalisis komposisi meteorit, mencatat keberadaan olivin sebagai komponen yang signifikan.
a group of minerals found in igneous and metamorphic rocks, typically dark in color and composed of silica, magnesium, and iron
piroksen, sekelompok mineral yang ditemukan dalam batuan beku dan metamorf
Para peneliti mempelajari komposisi kimia piroksen untuk memahami perannya dalam pembentukan letusan gunung berapi.
a group of minerals that are the most abundant components in the Earth's crust, known for their hardness and varied colors, often used in ceramics and glassmaking
feldspar, feldspar
Ahli geologi mengidentifikasi urat feldspar yang melintasi granit, berkontribusi pada penampilan berbintik khasnya.
a type of rock formed from clay minerals that have been compressed and hardened over time, creating a dense and often smooth-textured material
argilit, batu lempung
Tebing pantai terdiri dari lapisan argilit, memperlihatkan garis-garis dengan berbagai nuansa abu-abu.
a scientist who studies the Earth's structure, composition, processes, and history, including rocks, minerals, fossils, and geological phenomena
geolog, ilmuwan yang berspesialisasi dalam geologi
Karir sebagai ahli geologi sering melibatkan kerja lapangan di lingkungan yang terpencil dan menantang.
a scientist who specializes in the study of earthquakes and seismic waves, investigating their causes, effects, and patterns
seismolog, ahli gempa
Penelitian oleh ahli seismologi membantu meningkatkan kode bangunan untuk menahan gempa bumi.
the point on the surface of the earth vertically above the focus of an earthquake where its effects are felt most strongly
episentrum, pusat
Para ilmuwan menentukan bahwa episentrum gempa susulan berada beberapa mil dari gempa asli, yang semakin mempersulit upaya pemulihan.
an earthquake caused by underground movement or volcanic activity
gempa bumi, goncangan
Para penduduk terkejut oleh gempa bumi, yang mendorong mereka untuk meninjau rencana kesiapsiagaan darurat.
the sudden outburst of lava and steam from a volcanic mountain
letusan, letusan gunung berapi
Letusan Gunung Vesuvius pada tahun 79 M mengubur kota Pompeii di bawah abu.
a type of broad, gently sloping volcano formed by the eruption of low-viscosity basaltic lava
gunung berapi perisai, gunung api perisai
a branch of geology that focuses on the study of volcanoes, volcanic activity, and related phenomena
vulkanologi, studi tentang gunung berapi
Vulkanologi mempelajari bagaimana gunung berapi terbentuk dan meletus.
liquid or semi-liquid rock that exists under the earth's surface with an extremely hot temperature
magma, batu cair
Ruang magma di bawah Taman Nasional Yellowstone sangat luas dan sangat panas.
a large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption
kaldera, kawah gunung berapi
Kaldera Tambora di Indonesia dikaitkan dengan letusan dahsyat Gunung Tambora pada tahun 1815.
a tough type of rock that starts as sandstone but changes under intense heat and pressure underground, becoming very hard and durable
kuarsit, jenis batuan yang keras yang awalnya berupa batu pasir tetapi berubah di bawah panas dan tekanan yang hebat di bawah tanah
Para ahli geologi mempelajari formasi kuarsit kuno untuk memahami sejarah geologi wilayah tersebut.
particles of rock, minerals, or organic materials that have been transported by wind, water, or ice, and deposited in layers on the Earth's surface
sedimen, endapan
a visible exposure of rock or geological strata at the Earth's surface, often occurring on hillsides, cliffs, or other elevated areas, providing insight into the underlying geological structure
singkapan, singkapan batuan
Singkapan di dinding ngarai menampilkan rangkaian warna yang mencolok, menunjukkan kandungan mineral yang berbeda dalam lapisan batuan.
connected with or produced by the heat inside the earth
panas bumi, geotermal
Sistem pemanas geotermal menggunakan kehangatan alami Bumi untuk memanaskan bangunan di iklim dingin.
a large, bowl-shaped depression or low-lying area on the Earth's surface, typically surrounded by higher landforms and often filled with sedimentary deposits
cekungan, basin
Eksplorasi minyak dan gas sering menargetkan cekungan sedimen di mana hidrokarbon terperangkap di bawah lapisan batuan.
the thick, buoyant part of the Earth's crust that forms the continents, composed mainly of granitic rocks and less dense than oceanic crust
kerak benua, kulit benua
a geological process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle
subduksi, penenggelaman
Zona subduksi sering dikaitkan dengan parit samudra dalam, seperti Parit Peru-Chili di sepanjang pantai barat Amerika Selatan.
the region of the Earth's interior, lying beneath the crust and extending to the outer core, composed of solid rock that can deform and flow over geological time scales
mantel, mantel bumi
Arus konveksi mantel bertanggung jawab atas pergerakan lempeng tektonik.
a hard gray or white rock that contains calcium and is used for making cement or as a building material
batu kapur, limestone
a soft, white clay mineral formed from the weathering of aluminum-rich rocks, used widely in ceramics, paper production, and as a filler in some medications
kaolinit, tanah liat kaolin
Para ahli geologi mengidentifikasi deposit kaolinit di dasar sungai, bukti proses erosi dan sedimentasi jangka panjang.
