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Επιστήμες ACT - Γεωλογία

Εδώ θα μάθετε μερικές αγγλικές λέξεις που σχετίζονται με τη γεωλογία, όπως "mantle", "tremor", "smelt" κ.λπ. που θα σας βοηθήσουν άσσο στα ACT σας.

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
quarry

a site where large quantities of rock, stone, or minerals are extracted from the Earth's crust for industrial use or construction purposes

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fault

a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock, along which there has been significant displacement due to tectonic forces

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bedrock

solid rock beneath surface materials, forming the Earth's crust foundation

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shale

a type of fine-grained sedimentary rock made from compacted clay or mud particles, known for its ability to split into thin layers

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basalt

a type of dark, fine-grained igneous rock formed from cooled lava, characterized by its dense composition and typically dark gray to black color

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granite

a durable and visually appealing natural rock used for countertops, flooring, and other architectural applications

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index fossil

a fossilized organism that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found, typically indicative of a particular time period in Earth's geological history

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intrusion

(geology) the injection of magma into existing rock formations underground

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radiometric dating

a method used to determine the age of rocks and minerals by measuring the decay of radioactive isotopes present in them

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igneous

(of rock) formed from cooled magma or lava

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metamorphic

related to rocks transformed by intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes, altering their mineral composition and texture

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tectonic

relating to the movement and arrangement of the Earth's crust

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to smelt

to extract metal from its ore by heating and melting it in a furnace

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slag

the byproduct of smelting ore that forms a glass-like material, often found as a residue in mining and metalworking activities

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mesozoic

the period of time from about 252 to 66 million years ago, characterized by the dominance of dinosaurs and the gradual breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea

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olivine

a mineral with a greenish hue, commonly found in igneous rocks like basalt and peridotite, known for its high magnesium and iron content

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pyroxene

a group of minerals found in igneous and metamorphic rocks, typically dark in color and composed of silica, magnesium, and iron

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feldspar

a group of minerals that are the most abundant components in the Earth's crust, known for their hardness and varied colors, often used in ceramics and glassmaking

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argillite

a type of rock formed from clay minerals that have been compressed and hardened over time, creating a dense and often smooth-textured material

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geologist

a scientist who studies the Earth's structure, composition, processes, and history, including rocks, minerals, fossils, and geological phenomena

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seismologist

a scientist who specializes in the study of earthquakes and seismic waves, investigating their causes, effects, and patterns

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epicenter

the point on the surface of the earth vertically above the focus of an earthquake where its effects are felt most strongly

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temblor

an earthquake caused by underground movement or volcanic activity

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tremor

a small or slight earthquake

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eruption

the sudden outburst of lava and steam from a volcanic mountain

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shield volcano

a type of broad, gently sloping volcano formed by the eruption of low-viscosity basaltic lava

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volcanology

a branch of geology that focuses on the study of volcanoes, volcanic activity, and related phenomena

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magma

liquid or semi-liquid rock that exists under the earth's surface with an extremely hot temperature

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caldera

a large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption

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quartzite

a tough type of rock that starts as sandstone but changes under intense heat and pressure underground, becoming very hard and durable

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sediment

particles of rock, minerals, or organic materials that have been transported by wind, water, or ice, and deposited in layers on the Earth's surface

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outcrop

a visible exposure of rock or geological strata at the Earth's surface, often occurring on hillsides, cliffs, or other elevated areas, providing insight into the underlying geological structure

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geothermal

connected with or produced by the heat inside the earth

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basin

a large, bowl-shaped depression or low-lying area on the Earth's surface, typically surrounded by higher landforms and often filled with sedimentary deposits

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continental crust

the thick, buoyant part of the Earth's crust that forms the continents, composed mainly of granitic rocks and less dense than oceanic crust

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paleocontinent

a landmass that existed in the geological past

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subduction

a geological process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle

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mantle

the region of the Earth's interior, lying beneath the crust and extending to the outer core, composed of solid rock that can deform and flow over geological time scales

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limestone

a hard gray or white rock that contains calcium and is used for making cement or as a building material

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kaolinite

a soft, white clay mineral formed from the weathering of aluminum-rich rocks, used widely in ceramics, paper production, and as a filler in some medications

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