Мовознавство - Phonology

the final part of a syllable, occurring after the nucleus

кода

the central and typically sonorous part of a syllable, usually occupied by a vowel or a vowel-like sound

ядро, нucleus

the initial sound or sounds of a syllable that come before the vowel, forming the beginning part of a syllable and can consist of one or more consonant sounds

початок, вступ

a sequence of two or more consonant sounds that occur together without an intervening vowel in a syllable

кластер приголосних, група приголосних

a pair of words in a language that differ in meaning by only one phoneme, demonstrating that the phoneme contrast is significant for distinguishing words

мінімальна пара, мінімальна пара слів

a systematic pattern or process in a language that governs the way phonemes or sounds interact with each other, influencing their pronunciation or distribution within words and sentences

фонологічне правило, фонологічна норма

a phonological process where a sound becomes more similar to a neighboring sound in terms of one or more of its phonetic features

асиміляція

the phonological process of omitting or deleting a sound or sounds in connected speech, typically in order to facilitate smoother and faster pronunciation

елізія, опущення

a phonological process in which two similar or adjacent sounds in a word become less similar or distinct from each other

дисиміляція

a phonological process in which a sound or phoneme is inserted into a word, typically to break up a consonant cluster or improve phonotactic constraints

епентеза, фонологічний процес

a phonological process in which a sound or phoneme is removed or omitted from a word

вилучення, опускання

a characteristic or property of a sound that distinguishes it from other sounds in a particular language

відмінна риса, характерна ознака

the way speech sounds are connected and organized, including pauses, sound blending, and overall rhythm, influencing word boundaries and speech interpretation

з'єднання, з'єднання мови

a phonological process in which sounds or syllables in a word are rearranged or switched positions, resulting in a change in the order of phonemes or syllables within the word

метатеза

the phonological process in which phonemic distinctions between sounds are lost or neutralized in specific phonetic contexts, resulting in a single phonetic realization

нейтралізація, фонетична нейтралізація

the relative loudness, prominence, or audibility of speech sounds, often associated with their acoustic properties and the degree of constriction in the vocal tract during their production

сонорність, звучність

a type of language where the syllables are organized in a way that the stressed syllables occur at relatively regular intervals, resulting in a rhythmic pattern of speech

мови з акцентованим ритмом, мови з ритмічною акцентуацією

a type of language where each syllable is given roughly equal time and stress, resulting in a more evenly paced and rhythmic pattern of speech

складовий мова, мова з ритмом складів

a phonological process where a consonant becomes weaker or less prominent in terms of articulation, often resulting in its softening, reduction, or loss of certain features

леніція, ослаблення

a phonological phenomenon in Japanese where the initial consonant of the second element in a compound word undergoes voicing or consonant softening

рендаку, озвучення

the phonological process in which the pronunciation of sounds changes when they occur in specific phonetic contexts or in continuous speech

санді, фонетичний союз

a phonological process where a consonant undergoes systematic changes in its articulation or voicing depending on its position within a word or in certain morphological contexts

градатор звучання, зміна приголосних

a phonological process in which vowels within a word or across adjacent words become more similar or assimilate to each other in terms of certain phonetic features

гармонія голосних, згалуження голосних

the phonological phenomenon where the tone of a word or syllable changes based on its position or interaction with neighboring tones, typically occurring in tonal languages

тональне санді, зміна тону

a language in which variations in pitch or tone can distinguish different words or convey different meanings

тональна мова, мови з тональною структурою

the overlapping and blending of language elements, such as sounds or grammatical structures, within speech or writing

імбірування, перекриття

(phonetics) the omission or loss of one or more sounds from the pronunciation of a word

синкопа

a pair of characters used to represent a single sound, such as "sh" or "th", in phonetics or linguistics

діграф

the process of producing a sound with nasal resonance, where air flows through the nasal cavity while a sound is being articulated

назалізація, носовий резонанс

the process of adding sounds, typically vowels or consonants, into a word or morpheme that are not present in its underlying or base form

вставка, додавання

a phonological process in which a sound or phoneme is added at the beginning of a word, typically to facilitate pronunciation or conform to phonotactic constraints

протез, фонологічний протез

a phonological process in which voiced consonants at the end of a word are pronounced as voiceless

термінальне оглушення, кінцеве оглушення

a phonological phenomenon where a vowel in a word changes systematically to indicate grammatical or derivational distinctions, often resulting in different word forms or meanings

аблаут

a phonological process in which a sound is modified or assimilated to match a neighboring sound that comes after it

регресивна асиміляція

a phonological process in which a repeated or similar sequence of sounds within a word or phrase is simplified or deleted, resulting in the loss of one of the similar elements

гаплологія

a phonological process in which a voiceless consonant between two vowels becomes voiced, typically due to the influence of the surrounding vowel sounds

інтервокальне озвучення, інтервокальне гучання

the process in which a vowel in an unstressed position or in a particular phonological context becomes centralized or weakened, resulting in a reduced vowel quality

редукція голосних, ослаблення голосних

a phonological process in which a sound, typically a consonant, becomes palatal or acquires palatal characteristics under the influence of a neighboring palatal sound or due to the position within a particular linguistic environment

палаталізація, палаталізаційність

a phonological process in Sanskrit and other Indo-Aryan languages where a vowel lengthens or becomes long as a result of specific phonetic and phonological conditions, often related to the presence of certain consonants or morphological factors

врддхі, подовження голосних

the linguistic phenomenon where two or more adjacent words merge together, typically resulting in the contraction or fusion of sounds or syllables

кразис, лінгвістичне злиття

a phonological phenomenon where a consonant sound is not pronounced in a particular position within a word or a specific language context, often resulting in a phonetic gap or absence of sound

нуль приголосний, відсутність приголосного

any of the variant forms of a morpheme, which are phonetically or phonologically conditioned

алломорф

the phenomenon where certain sounds or phonetic patterns are associated with specific meanings or qualities, often independent of linguistic convention or arbitrary assignment

звуковий символізм, символіка звуку

a unit of phonological timing that determines the length or duration of a syllable or a vowel sound

мора

a silent or phonetically empty form of a morpheme that represents its absence in certain linguistic environments

нулевий аломорф, пустий аломорф

a phonological process in which one or more consonants in a consonant cluster are omitted or simplified in pronunciation

редукція кластеру, спрощення кластера

a phonological process or phenomenon where a non-"r" sound is changed or replaced by an "r" sound, commonly observed in language evolution or dialectal variations

ротацизм, ротацизм (фонологічний процес)

a word or phrase or sentence that is read the same backward as forward

паліндром

a word that mimics the sound it represents

ономатопея

a recurring sound pattern or sequence of phonemes that is associated with a particular meaning or connotation in language

фонестема