Adjective Placement and Order
This article dives into the rules of adjective placement and order, like 'a small, round, wooden table'. Detailed explanations and a quiz to test your knowledge.
Adjective Placement
Adjective can be categorized into two main groups based on whether they appear before a noun or after a verb:
Attributive Adjectives
Attributive adjectives provide descriptive information about a certain characteristic of the person, place, or object, such as its appearance, color, shape, size, age, origin, etc. For example:
The old man was smoking a pipe.
You are my favorite person in the whole world.
Attributive Adjectives: Types
Based on whether they appear before or after the noun they are modifying, attributive adjectives can be categorized as:
Pre-positive Adjectives
Post-positive Adjectives
Pre-positive Adjectives
'Pre' means before, so as the name suggests, pre-positive adjectives can only appear before the noun they modify.
He is such a nice lady!
He is obviously a smart guy.
Post-positive Adjectives
It is possible for attributive adjectives to come after the noun or (especially) the indefinite pronoun they modify. Because of this postposition, we call them postpositive adjectives or postnominal adjectives.
We need someone powerful.
Postpositive adjectives mainly appear after indefinite pronouns.
I saw something extraordinary.
In English, postpositive adjectives are less common. They are used in archaic or poetic texts, phrases borrowed from Roman or Latin, and some fixed grammatical structures. Pay attention to the examples:
I watched the demons dark and wicked.
heir apparent
Those anxious to leave
Tip!
All adjectives can be used postpositively after this/that/so:
(a/an) + noun + this/that/so + adjective
Who would wear a hat this big?
Buy me a painting that expensive and then we're even!
Predicative Adjectives
A predicative adjective (also called predicate adjective) follows a linking verb. They can take an adjective complement after them or appear alone. For example:
That baby is cute.
I tried not to be afraid of the dark.
Attributive Adjective Order
Adjectives are used to assign specific qualities or descriptions to nouns. However, when assigning more than one quality to a noun, there is a specific order in which the adjectives should be placed.
Why Is The Order Important?
The order of adjectives is important when they are used consecutively without a comma (,) or 'and' separating them. When adjectives are separated by commas or 'and', the order becomes less important. However, when describing something or someone with multiple adjectives, the order in which they are placed is crucial.
Adjectives: Word Order
The general rule for the order of adjectives before a noun is as follows:
Opinion | Size | Age | Shape | Color | Origin | Material | Purpose | Noun |
Now let's look at an example. Note that it is not very common to use so many adjectives before a noun. This is just an example for you to see how this rule works:
beautiful small new shiny red Italian sports car
fancy big old round brown German wooden musical clock
Opinion
Some adjectives describe a general opinion. We can use these adjectives to describe almost any noun.
beautiful
lovely
nice
strange
awful
Some adjectives describe a specific opinion. We only use these adjectives to describe particular kinds of nouns. For example, people, animals, food etc.
delicious
tasty
comfortable
intelligent
friendly
Usually, you put a general opinion before a specific opinion.
a lovely comfortable home
a nice friendly person
Size and Shape
When we refer to the 'size' of a noun, we are describing its physical dimensions, such as how big or small it is, as well as its height, such as whether it is tall or short.
On the other hand, when we refer to the 'shape' of a noun, we are describing its physical form, such as whether it is round, oval, triangular, or another shape. Adjectives that describe shape can also include words that describe weight or length, such as long, fat, or heavy.
a big fat cat
a small round table
Purpose
By 'purpose' we mean what the noun is used for.
a dining table
a shopping cart
Review
Adjectives are used to describe nouns. So, there is not always only one adjective. Sometimes more than one is used. In this case, we need to know their correct orders.
Opinion | Size | Age | Shape | Color | Origin | Material | Purpose | Noun |
A cute 3-year-old child. ( NOT A 3-year-old cute child.)
The red French silk sofa was placed behind the curtain. (NOT The French silk red sofa was placed behind the curtain.
Tip!
Pay attention to where you want to put an adverb (more specifically an intensifier or a mitigator) in front of adjectives. If the adjectives are in order, you can put the adverb in front of the adjectives and it modifies all the adjectives. But if there are commas or 'and' between them, you can put an adverb in front of the adjectives.
Look at that really big old green antique car in front of the house!
She is a beautiful and really generous lady.
Tip!
Note that the specific order of the adjectives is only applied to attributive adjectives.
And, pay attention that the order is only applied when the adjectives come one by one after one another, not in the form of a coordinated adjective phrase.
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