Adjective Placement and Order

In this lesson, we will learn the place of adjectives in a sentence and where they appear. We will also learn about the order of different types of adjectives

"Adjective Placement and Order" in the English Grammar

Adjective Placement

Adjective can be categorized into two main groups based on whether they appear before a noun or after a verb:

Attributive Adjectives

Attributive adjectives provide descriptive information about a certain characteristic of the person, place, or object, such as its appearance, color, shape, size, age, origin, etc. For example:

The old man was smoking a pipe.

You are my favorite person in the whole world.

Attributive Adjectives: Types

Based on whether they appear before or after the noun they are modifying, attributive adjectives can be categorized as:

  • Pre-positive Adjectives
  • Post-positive Adjectives

Pre-positive Adjectives

'Pre' means before, so as the name suggests, pre-positive adjectives can only appear before the noun they modify.

He is such a nice lady!

He is obviously a smart guy.

Post-positive Adjectives

It is possible for attributive adjectives to come after the noun or (especially) the indefinite pronoun they modify. Because of this postposition, we call them postpositive adjectives or postnominal adjectives.

We need someone powerful.

Postpositive adjectives mainly appear after indefinite pronouns.

I saw something extraordinary.

In English, postpositive adjectives are less common. They are used in archaic or poetic texts, phrases borrowed from Roman or Latin, and some fixed grammatical structures. Pay attention to the examples:

I watched the demons dark and wicked.

heir apparent

Those anxious to leave

Tip!

All adjectives can be used postpositively after this/that/so:
(a/an) + noun + this/that/so + adjective

Who would wear a hat this big?

Buy me a painting that expensive and then we're even!

Predicative Adjectives

A predicative adjective (also called predicate adjective) follows a linking verb. They can take an adjective complement after them or appear alone. For example:

That baby is cute.

I tried not to be afraid of the dark.

Attributive Adjective Order

Adjectives are used to assign specific qualities or descriptions to nouns. However, when assigning more than one quality to a noun, there is a specific order in which the adjectives should be placed.

Why Is The Order Important?

The order of adjectives is important when they are used consecutively without a comma (,) or 'and' separating them. When adjectives are separated by commas or 'and', the order becomes less important. However, when describing something or someone with multiple adjectives, the order in which they are placed is crucial.

Adjectives: Word Order

The general rule for the order of adjectives before a noun is as follows:

Opinion Size Age Shape Color Origin Material Purpose Noun

Now let's look at an example. Note that it is not very common to use so many adjectives before a noun. This is just an example for you to see how this rule works:

beautiful small new shiny red Italian sports car

fancy big old round brown German wooden musical clock

pay attention to the order of the adjectives

Opinion

Some adjectives describe a general opinion. We can use these adjectives to describe almost any noun.

  • beautiful
  • lovely
  • nice
  • strange
  • awful

Some adjectives describe a specific opinion. We only use these adjectives to describe particular kinds of nouns. For example, people, animals, food etc.

  • delicious
  • tasty
  • comfortable
  • intelligent
  • friendly

Usually, you put a general opinion before a specific opinion.

a lovely comfortable home

a nice friendly person

Size and Shape

When we refer to the 'size' of a noun, we are describing its physical dimensions, such as how big or small it is, as well as its height, such as whether it is tall or short.
On the other hand, when we refer to the 'shape' of a noun, we are describing its physical form, such as whether it is round, oval, triangular, or another shape. Adjectives that describe shape can also include words that describe weight or length, such as long, fat, or heavy.

a big fat cat

a small round table

Purpose

By 'purpose' we mean what the noun is used for.

a dining table

a shopping cart

Review

Adjectives are used to describe nouns. So, there is not always only one adjective. Sometimes more than one is used. In this case, we need to know their correct orders.

Opinion Size Age Shape Color Origin Material Purpose Noun

A cute 3-year-old child. ( NOT A 3-year-old cute child.)

The red French silk sofa was placed behind the curtain. (NOT The French silk red sofa was placed behind the curtain.

Tip!

Pay attention to where you want to put an adverb (more specifically an intensifier or a mitigator) in front of adjectives. If the adjectives are in order, you can put the adverb in front of the adjectives and it modifies all the adjectives. But if there are commas or 'and' between them, you can put an adverb in front of the adjectives.

Look at that really big old green antique car in front of the house!

She is a beautiful and really generous lady.

Tip!

Note that the specific order of the adjectives is only applied to attributive adjectives.
And, pay attention that the order is only applied when the adjectives come one by one after one another, not in the form of a coordinated adjective phrase.

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