The Letter Y In American English

The Letter "Y" in the English Alphabet

"Y" is the twenty-fifth letter of the English alphabet. It is a semi-vowel.

Semi-vowels are sounds between consonants and vowels that are pronounced with some restriction in the vocal tract.

Uppercase Form Y
Lowercase y
Name wye (pronounced /ˈwaɪ/)
Common Sound(s) /i/, /ɪ/, /aɪ/, /j/

The Letter Y: Sounds

The letter "y" has four sounds:

Sound 1: /i/

"y" as a vowel, at the end of a word, sounds /i/:

body /ˈbɑːdi/

pony /ˈpəʊni/

happy /ˈhæpi/

Sound 2: /ɪ/

The letter "y" also sounds /ɪ/ mainly in the middle of words, so it is a vowel:

myth /mɪθ/

crystal /ˈkrɪstl/

pyramid /ˈpɪrəmɪd/

mystery /ˈmɪstəri/

Sound 3: /aɪ/

"y" as a vowel sounds /aɪ/:

sky /sk/

July /dʒuˈl/

cycle /ˈskl/

type /tp/

Sound 4: /j/

The letter "y" sounds /j/ before vowels, so "y" is a consonant here:

yo-yo /ˈjoʊ.joʊ/

yes /jɛs/

yard /jɑːrd/

canyon /ˈkænjən/

beyond /bɪˈjɑːnd/

The Letter Y: Multigraphs

"y" can also appear in combination with other letters (mainly vowels). They can create distinct sounds:

ye

"ye" is typically pronounced as /aɪ/ only when it appears at the end of a word:

dye /d/

bye /b/

rye/

ey

This combination is pronounced in two ways if it appears at the end of a word:

  • /i/
  • /eɪ/

1. most commonly "ey" sounds /i/:

money /ˈmʌni/

key /kiː/

jersey /ˈdʒɝzi/

2. "ey" can also produce /eɪ/:

they/

prey /pɹ/

survey /ˈsɝˌv/

ay

"ay" makes the sound /eɪ/ when it appears at the end of a word:

day /d/

play /pl/

stay /st/

uy

"uy" produces the sound /aɪ/ at the end of a word:

guy/

buy /b/

oy

"oy" creates the sound /ɔɪ/ at the end of a word:

ploy /plɔɪ/

coy /kɔɪ/

boy /bɔɪ/

The Letter Y: Uses

"Y" can be used as:

  • An adjectival suffix in English morphology
  • A person, a number, an influence, etc. that is not known or not named, like "I don't know what X is doing for Y."

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