The Letter H In American English

The Letter "H" in the English Alphabet

"H" is the eighth letter in the English alphabet. It is also a consonant.

Consonants are sounds that are pronounced with restriction in the vocal tract.

Uppercase Form

H

Lowercase

h

Name

aitch (pronounced /ˈeɪtʃ/)

Common Sound(s)

/h/, /Ø/

Pronunciation Exercise

sound /h/

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The Letter H: Sounds

The letter "h" has two sounds.

Sound 1: /h/

The letter "h" sounds /h/:

Example

hen /hen/

helicopter /ˈhelɪkɑːptər/

horse /hɔːrs/

Sound 2: /Ø/

1. "h" is silent when it precedes the letter "o," so "ho" sounds /ɑ/ in American English.

Example

honest /ˈɑːnɪst/

honor /ˈɒnər/

heirloom /ˈɛəɹ.lum/

2. "h" is also silent in "ah:"

Example

ah /ɑː/

dahlia /ˈdæɫjə/

cheetah /ˈtʃiːtə/

3. "gh" generally sounds /ɡ/, in other words, "h" is silent:

Example

ghost /ɡoʊst/

yoghurt /ˈjoʊ.ɡɚt/

dinghy /ˈdɪŋɡi/

This word is also pronounced /ˈdɪŋi/.

4. "gh" can be silent too:

Example

through /θruː/

neighbor /ˈneɪbər/

night /naɪt/

5. "h" in "rh" sounds /r/. In other words, "h" is silent:

Example

rhino /ˈɹaɪ.noʊ/

rhyme /raɪm/

rhubarb /ˈruːbɑːrb/

The Letter H: Multigraphs

The letter "h" can be positioned before or after other letters, mainly consonants.

xh

"xh" sounds /gz/:

Example

exhort /ɪɡˈzɔːrt/

exhibit /ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/

exhaustive /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪv/

he

"he" sounds /ɜː/ or /hɜː/ in American English:

Example

herb /ɜːrb/ /hɜːrb/

herbal /ˈɜːrbl/ /ˈhɜːrbl/

Tip!

"hi" in the word "vehicle" sounds /hɪ/ or /ə/:

Example

vehicle /ˈviːəkl/, /ˈviːkl/

ch

"ch" commonly has three sounds:

/tʃ/

/ʃ/

/k/

1. "c" in combination with "h" generally represents /tʃ/:

Example

charity /ˈærəti/

chicken /ˈɪkɪn/

child /aɪld/

2. It also has the /ʃ/ sound in French loanwords:

Example

moustache /ˈmʌstæʃ/

chevron /ˈʃevrən/

chef /ʃef/

3. "c" combined with "h" also sounds /k/:

Example

choreography /ˌkɔːriˈɑːɡrəfi/

choir /ˈkwaɪər/

echo /ˈɛkoʊ/

gh

"gh" commonly has three sounds:

/ɡ/

/f/

/Ø/

1. "gh" generally sounds /ɡ/:

Example

ghost /ɡoʊst/

yoghurt /ˈjoʊɡərt/

dinghy /ˈdɪŋɡi/

2. "gh" after "u" also sounds /f/:

Example

cough /kɔːf/

enough /ɪˈnʌf/

roughage /ˈrʌfɪdʒ/

3. Followed by the combination of "ou," "gh" is silent:

Example

drought /draʊt/

doughnut /ˈdoʊˌnʌt/

thought /θɔːt/

ph

"ph" sounds /f/:

Example

phone /foʊ̯n/

dolphin /ˈdɑːlfɪn/

graph /ɡræf/

sh

"sh" sounds /ʃ/:

Example

ship /ʃɪp/

shark /ʃɑɹk/

fish /fɪʃ/

th

"th" commonly has three sounds:

/θ/

/ð/

/t/

1. "th" sounds /θ/:

Example

mouth /maʊθ/

teeth /tiːθ/

2. "th" can also sound /ð/ if it is followed by the letter "e:"

Example

smoothie /ˈsmuːði/

they /ðeɪ/

then /ðen/

3. "th" also sounds /t/:

Example

thyme /taɪm/

Thomas /ˈtɑːməs/

Thames /ˈtemz/

wh

"wh" commonly has two sounds:

/w/

/h/

1. "wh" sounds /w/, note that lips are rounded when pronouncing this letter.

Example

wheel /wiːl/

whisker /ˈwɪskər/

white /waɪt/

2. "wh" also sounds /h/, which means "w" is silent:

Example

who /huː/

whom /huːm/

whole /hoʊl/

The Letter H: Uses

The letter "H" can be:

The abbreviation of hydrogen

The abbreviation of an hour (in prescriptions)

The abbreviation of hours, like 70 h

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