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South and Central Asia Vocabulary - Afghanistan

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South and Central Asia Vocabulary
rugged
rugged
[Adjective]

(of land or terrain) rough, uneven, and often difficult to navigate, with features such as steep slopes or rocky surfaces

Ex: The rugged mountains were difficult to climb. 
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diverse
diverse
[Adjective]

showing a variety of distinct types or qualities

Ex: The team consisted of individuals from diverse backgrounds, bringing a range of experiences and perspectives to the table. 
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fascinating
fascinating
[Adjective]

extremely interesting or captivating

Ex: The history of ancient civilizations is endlessly fascinating to archaeologists. 
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harsh
harsh
[Adjective]

having an unpleasant or rough nature, in a way that is difficult to endure

Ex: Having endured harsh conditions in the desert, the survivors were physically exhausted. 
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landscape
landscape
[noun]

an area of scenery visible in a single view

Ex: The hikers admired the mountain landscape at sunrise. 
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fertile
fertile
[Adjective]

(of land or soil) able to produce crops or plants well

Ex: The fertile soil in the valley yielded abundant harvests of wheat and corn each year. 
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valley
valley
[noun]

a low area of land between mountains or hills, often with a river flowing through it

Ex: The sun set behind the hills, casting long shadows over the valley. 
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invader
invader
[noun]

a person or group that enters a place by force to take control

Ex: The invader crossed the border at night. 
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terrain
terrain
[noun]

an area of land, particularly in reference to its physical or natural features

Ex: The rugged terrain of the mountainous region posed a significant challenge for the hikers, requiring careful navigation and endurance. 
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to resist
to resist
[Verb]

to withstand or endure something, particularly a force, influence, or pressure

Ex: The paint can resist extreme temperatures without peeling. 
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power
power
[noun]

a nation with significant influence and authority on a global scale

Ex: The United States is considered a major power in international politics. 
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steep
steep
[Adjective]

(of a surface) having a sharp slope or angle, making it difficult to climb or walk up

Ex: The steep hill made the hike challenging, requiring extra effort to ascend. 
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to [stand] still

to stop changing, developing, or making progress

Ex: Innovation cannot stand still in a competitive market. 
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remote
remote
[Adjective]

far away in space or distant in position

Ex: The remote village nestled deep in the mountains was accessible only by a rugged trail. 
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to date back

to have origins or existence that extends to a specific earlier time

Ex: The ancient ruins in the valley date back to the time of the Roman Empire. 
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over time
over time
[Adverb]

as time passes or progresses

Ex: Skills improve over time with regular practice. 
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to [leave] {one's} mark

to have a powerful and lasting effect on someone or something

Ex: Years of war have left their mark on these pretty islands. 
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arrival
arrival
[noun]

the act of something or someone emerging or appearing such as a new product or development

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to follow
to follow
[Verb]

to conform and adhere to the principles, practices, or guidelines established by someone or something

Ex: She follows a vegan lifestyle, avoiding all animal products. 
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major
major
[Adjective]

serious and of great importance

Ex: The major issue facing the city is the lack of affordable housing. 
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mosque
mosque
[noun]

a place of worship, used by Muslims

Ex: The minaret of the mosque towered over the city skyline, calling the faithful to prayer. 
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battleground

a region where a battle is being (or has been) fought

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withdrawal

the act of withdrawing

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civil war
civil war
[noun]

a war that is between people who are in the same country

Ex: The American Civil War was fought between the Northern states (Union) and the Southern states (Confederacy) over issues of slavery and states' rights. 
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to remove
to remove
[Verb]

to take away or eliminate something, often permanently

Ex: The government decided to remove the outdated law from the statute books. 
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ethnic group

a group of people who share a common culture, language, religion, or ancestry

Ex: The country is home to many ethnic groups. 
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custom
custom
[noun]

a way of behaving or of doing something that is widely accepted in a society or among a specific group of people

Ex: It is a custom in Japan to take off your shoes before entering a house. 
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hospitality

kindness in welcoming guests or strangers

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generous
generous
[Adjective]

having a willingness to freely give or share something with others, without expecting anything in return

Ex: She's a generous donor, always contributing to charitable causes and helping those in need. 
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welcoming
welcoming
[Adjective]

showing warmth and friendliness to a guest or visitor

Ex: She greeted her guests with a welcoming smile and open arms. 
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to treat to

to provide someone with something special, often as a gesture of kindness or generosity

Ex: She treated her friends to a fancy dinner at the new restaurant. 
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household
household
[noun]

all the people living in a house together, considered as a social unit

Ex: The entire household gathered in the living room to discuss the upcoming family vacation. 
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cuisine
cuisine
[noun]

a method or style of cooking that is specific to a country or region

Ex: They sampled a variety of Asian cuisine, including sushi, dim sum, and curry. 
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rich
rich
[Adjective]

possessing or providing an abundance of resources or qualities

Ex: The region is rich in natural resources, including oil, coal, and fertile soil. 
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raisin
raisin
[noun]

a dried grape, often used in baking, cooking, or as a snack

Ex: She sprinkled raisins over her oatmeal for added sweetness. 
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tunic
tunic
[noun]

a hip-length loose-fitting blouse that women wear with pants or a skirt

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to spin
to spin
[Verb]

to turn around over and over very fast

Ex: With elegant movements, the dancer spun gracefully on stage. 
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due to
due to
[preposition]

as a result of a specific cause or reason

Ex: The flight delay was due to heavy fog at the airport. 
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agriculture

the business of using the land to grow and take care of crops and livestock

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crop
crop
[noun]

a plant that is grown for food over large areas of land

Ex: The farmers planted a new crop of wheat this season. 
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pomegranate

a round fruit with a thick red skin, containing many red edible seeds that are of sour or sweet taste

Ex: She enjoyed scooping out the ruby-red seeds from a ripe pomegranate for a flavorful snack. 
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grape
grape
[noun]

a purple or green fruit that is round, small, and grows in bunches on a vine

Ex: A teaspoon of grape vinegar brightened up the tomato soup, giving it a pleasant tang. 
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resource
resource
[noun]

(usually plural) a country's gas, oil, trees, etc. that are considered valuable and therefore can be sold to gain wealth

Ex: The country's natural resources include oil, natural gas, and minerals. 
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mineral
mineral
[noun]

a solid, naturally occurring substance with a specific chemical composition, typically found in the earth's crust, such as gold, copper, etc.

Ex: Quartz is a common mineral found in many types of rocks. 
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copper
copper
[noun]

a metallic chemical element that has a red-brown color, primarily used as a conductor in wiring

Ex: Copper is valued for its high electrical conductivity, which makes it ideal for wiring in electrical systems. 
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mining
mining
[noun]

the process of extracting valuable minerals or other materials from the earth

Ex: The mining of gold in this region has been going on for centuries. 
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despite
despite
[preposition]

used to show that something happened or is true, even though there was a difficulty or obstacle that might have prevented it

Ex: The business thrived despite the economic downturn. 
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education
education
[noun]

knowledge acquired by learning and instruction

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with time
with time
[Adverb]

gradually as time passes

Ex: With time, the wound healed completely. 
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to overcome

to succeed in solving, controlling, or dealing with something difficult

Ex: She overcame obstacles in her career by demonstrating resilience and determination. 
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oil painting

a work of art created using oil-based paints

Ex: The gallery displayed a centuries-old oil painting. 
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mural
mural
[noun]

a large painting done on a wall

Ex: The city commissioned a local artist to create a vibrant mural depicting the history and culture of the neighborhood. 
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discovery
discovery
[noun]

the act of finding something for the first time and before others

Ex: The discovery of penicillin revolutionized medicine by introducing the first antibiotic. 
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hub
hub
[noun]

a central or focal point of activity, importance, or connection

Ex: The city is a major transportation hub, connecting flights from around the world. 
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