Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic - Test 4 - Reading - Passage 1 (2)

to grow crops or raise animals using agricultural techniques to improve production

in a way that usually happens

fit in or on an existing structure, such as an older house

a standard or expectation that guides behavior within a group or society

a person or organization that provides money or resources to a business or project with the expectation of making a profit

to gain skills or knowledge in something

the process of modifying the visible features of an area of land, such as adding plants, changing the terrain, or constructing structures, to improve its aesthetic appeal or make it more functional

an example of a certain kind of situation

a person who offers to do something, often without being asked or without expecting payment

information that should be kept in mind when making a decision

the process of removing excess water or other liquids from an area or system, typically through a network of pipes, channels, or natural slopes

a rule or law that limits what one can do or the thing that can happen

an action that causes a delay or interruption in the ongoing continuity of an activity or process

happening or done frequently

the act of setting up or establishing a system, equipment, or machinery for use

to make someone feel certain about the truth of something

a person or company that prepares a piece of land for residential or commercial use

deserving of time, effort, or attention due to inherent value or importance

to design or create a new idea, product, system, or concept

to express the quantity, level, or extent of something using numerical values

high level of skill, knowledge, or proficiency in a particular field or subject matter

to build a house, bridge, machine, etc.

in a manner suited to the occasion or respectful of expected behavior or norms

to work or perform properly

to back up or form the basis of an argument by providing support

a slight or noticeable change or alteration from the normal or standard state of something

a principle or idea that is abstract

to give someone or something the means or ability to do something

the event of rain falling from the sky

a unified whole created by joining or mixing two or more distinct elements or parts together

a piece of equipment, usually placed on a roof, that absorbs the energy of sun and uses it to produce electricity or heat

(of an animal or plant) living or growing in a natural state, without any human interference

to increase something to the highest possible level

the existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environment

an overall way in which something is changing or developing

full of energy, enthusiasm, and life

the system in which money, goods, and services are produced or distributed within a country or region

an obstacle that separates people or hinders any progress or communication

to succeed in solving, controlling, or dealing with something difficult

in a manner that is environmentally practical in the long term, without draining resources or causing harm

to make an exact copy of something

a Latin phrase (or its abbreviation) used to indicate that special attention should be paid to something

a mention or citation of something, often to provide context or support for an idea

to help or support the progress or development of something

currently present or in operation

the first of a series of actions

capable of convincing others to do or believe something particular

the probability or chance of something occurring

to handle a difficult situation and deal with it successfully

the state of being able to be used, obtained, or accessed

using resources wisely and efficiently and minimizing waste and unnecessary expenses

to grow plants or crops, especially for farming or commercial purposes

the total area that the surface of a three-dimensional object occupies

a variety of things that are different but are of the same general type

a group that animals, plants, etc. of the same type which are capable of producing healthy offspring with each other are divided into

to organize or arrange something in a systematic and orderly way to ensure efficiency or compliance

to produce energy, such as heat, electricity, etc.

to provide something needed or wanted