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Lista de Palabras Nivel C2 - Guerra y Ejército

Aquí aprenderás todas las palabras esenciales para hablar sobre la guerra y el ejército, recopiladas específicamente para estudiantes de nivel C2.

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
armada
armada
[Sustantivo]

a massive group of warships organized for military or strategic purposes

armada, flota

armada, flota

Ex: Historians study the armada as a turning point in maritime warfare. 

Los historiadores estudian la armada como un punto de inflexión en la guerra marítima.

armistice
armistice
[Sustantivo]

a temporary stoppage or truce in hostilities between parties engaged in a war or conflict

armisticio, tregua

armisticio, tregua

Ex: The armistice allowed both sides to retrieve their wounded and dead from no man's land between the trenches. 

El armisticio permitió a ambos bandos recuperar a sus heridos y muertos de la tierra de nadie entre las trincheras.

mercenary
mercenary
[Sustantivo]

a professional soldier hired to serve in a foreign army, often motivated by payment rather than ideological or national allegiance

mercenario

mercenario

Ex: Mercenaries played a crucial role in historical battles, often fighting for the side that offered the most lucrative compensation. 

Los mercenarios desempeñaron un papel crucial en las batallas históricas, a menudo luchando por el bando que ofrecía la compensación más lucrativa.

barricade
barricade
[Sustantivo]

a defensive barrier erected during wartime to obstruct enemy movement and provide protection for defending forces

barricada

barricada

Ex: During the siege, the defenders relied on makeshift barricades to shield themselves from enemy gunfire. 

Durante el asedio, los defensores dependían de barricadas improvisadas para protegerse del fuego enemigo.

battalion
battalion
[Sustantivo]

a military unit composed of a varying number of companies or platoons, typically commanded by a lieutenant colonel

batallón

batallón

Ex: During the review, the general inspected each battalion for readiness. 

Durante la revisión, el general inspeccionó cada batallón para evaluar su preparación.

platoon
platoon
[Sustantivo]

a military unit, subdivision of a company, typically with a headquarters and two or more squads, usually led by a lieutenant

pelotón

pelotón

Ex: Soldiers from the platoon were assigned different tasks. 

A los soldados del pelotón se les asignaron diferentes tareas.

espionage
espionage
[Sustantivo]

the covert gathering of information for political, military, or economic purposes, often conducted by intelligence agencies

espionaje

espionaje

Ex: During the conflict, both sides employed sophisticated technology for espionage, including surveillance satellites and encrypted communication. 

Durante el conflicto, ambos bandos emplearon tecnología sofisticada para el espionaje, incluyendo satélites de vigilancia y comunicaciones encriptadas.

coup d'etat
coup d'etat
[Sustantivo]

a sudden, violent seizure of governmental power by a small group

golpe de Estado

golpe de Estado

Ex: The rebel faction attempted a coup d'état, aiming to overthrow the existing government and seize control of key institutions. 

La facción rebelde intentó un golpe de estado, con el objetivo de derrocar al gobierno existente y tomar el control de las instituciones clave.

onslaught
onslaught
[Sustantivo]

a fierce and intense attack, often with the goal of overwhelming the opponent

embestida,  ofensiva

embestida, ofensiva

Ex: The military base prepared for an impending onslaught, fortifying defenses and mobilizing troops for the anticipated attack. 

La base militar se preparó para un asalto inminente, fortificando defensas y movilizando tropas para el ataque anticipado.

armament
armament
[Sustantivo]

the military equipment and weaponry used by a country or military force

armamento

armamento

Ex: During the Cold War, both superpowers engaged in a race to build up their nuclear armament, leading to a tense arms race. 

Durante la Guerra Fría, ambas superpotencias se embarcaron en una carrera para aumentar su armamento nuclear, lo que llevó a una tensa carrera armamentista.

arsenal
arsenal
[Sustantivo]

a building, complex, or site used for producing, keeping, or repairing arms and ammunition

arsenal

arsenal

Ex: The soldiers secured the main arsenal to prevent theft. 

Los soldados aseguraron el arsenal principal para prevenir el robo.

deterrent
deterrent
[Sustantivo]

a military strategy or capability designed to dissuade an adversary from aggression

disuasivo, elemento disuasorio

disuasivo, elemento disuasorio

Ex: A well-equipped and trained army can be a deterrent to neighboring countries considering acts of aggression. 

Un ejército bien equipado y entrenado puede ser un elemento disuasorio para los países vecinos que consideren actos de agresión.

ammunition
ammunition
[Sustantivo]

bullets, shells, or other projectiles used in firearms

munición

munición

Ex: The museum displayed antique firearms along with their ammunition. 

El museo exhibió armas de fuego antiguas junto con su munición.

catapult
catapult
[Sustantivo]

a large weapon that was used in ancient times to throw stones or other objects with great force

catapulta

catapulta

Ex: Modern historians study the mechanics and design of ancient catapults to better understand siege warfare technologies of the past. 

Los historiadores modernos estudian la mecánica y el diseño de las catapultas antiguas para comprender mejor las tecnologías de guerra de asedio del pasado.

bazooka
bazooka
[Sustantivo]

a portable rocket launcher designed for use against tanks and armored vehicles

lanzacohetes portátil, bazuca

lanzacohetes portátil, bazuca

Ex: The special forces unit utilized compact bazookas for precise strikes against fortified enemy positions. 

La unidad de fuerzas especiales utilizó bazookas compactas para ataques precisos contra posiciones enemigas fortificadas.

shrapnel
shrapnel
[Sustantivo]

fragments from an explosion, causing damage to surroundings

metralla, esquirlas

metralla, esquirlas

Ex: The artillery shell exploded, releasing shrapnel that damaged nearby vehicles and structures. 

El obús de artillería explotó, liberando metralla que dañó vehículos y estructuras cercanas.

musket
musket
[Sustantivo]

an early firearm with a long barrel, used by infantry from the 16th to 18th centuries

mosquete, fusil de chispa

mosquete, fusil de chispa

Ex: Soldiers in the English Civil War were equipped with muskets, marking a transition from traditional pikes. 

Los soldados en la Guerra Civil inglesa estaban equipados con mosquetes, lo que marcó una transición de las picas tradicionales.

mortar
mortar
[Sustantivo]

a short-barreled, muzzle-loaded artillery piece that fires explosive shells at high angles for close-range support

mortero, lanzagranadas

mortero, lanzagranadas

Ex: The enemy positions were bombarded with mortar fire, causing significant damage to their defenses. 

Las posiciones enemigas fueron bombardeadas con fuego de mortero, causando daños significativos a sus defensas.

air raid
air raid
[Sustantivo]

an attack by aircraft, typically involving the dropping of bombs, on a location or a series of locations

ataque aéreo, bombardeo aéreo

ataque aéreo, bombardeo aéreo

Ex: The blackout curtains were drawn to minimize visibility during the nightly air raids. 

Las cortinas opacas se cerraron para minimizar la visibilidad durante los ataques aéreos nocturnos.

bridgehead
bridgehead
[Sustantivo]

an area in hostile territory captured and secured as a foothold for further troops and supplies

cabeza de puente, plaza de armas

cabeza de puente, plaza de armas

Ex: The bridgehead served as a staging area for the next offensive. 

La cabeza de puente sirvió como área de preparación para la próxima ofensiva.

evacuee
evacuee
[Sustantivo]

an individual who is forced to flee from a dangerous place or region

evacuado

evacuado

Ex: The school served as an evacuation center, providing food and shelter for evacuees displaced by the wildfire. 

La escuela sirvió como centro de evacuación, proporcionando comida y refugio a los evacuados desplazados por el incendio forestal.

garrison
garrison
[Sustantivo]

a military stronghold where soldiers are stationed for defense

guarnición

guarnición

Ex: Artillery was installed at the garrison to defend the harbor. 

Se instaló artillería en la guarnición para defender el puerto.

to blitz
to blitz
[Verbo]

to carry out a sudden and intense military attack

bombardear

bombardear

Ex: Special forces were deployed to blitz the enemy lines, conducting covert operations to gather intelligence. 

Las fuerzas especiales fueron desplegadas para blitz las líneas enemigas, realizando operaciones encubiertas para recopilar inteligencia.

to pillage
to pillage
[Verbo]

to plunder, typically during times of war or civil unrest

saquear

saquear

Ex: The conquering army pillaged the conquered city, seizing art, treasures, and other valuable assets. 

El ejército conquistador saqueó la ciudad conquistada, apoderándose de arte, tesoros y otros bienes valiosos.

to lance
to lance
[Verbo]

to thrust or strike with a long-pointed weapon

lancear

lancear

Ex: The skilled jouster aimed to lance the target with precision while charging on horseback. 

El hábil justero apuntaba a lancear el objetivo con precisión mientras cargaba a caballo.

to plunder
to plunder
[Verbo]

to steal goods from a place or person, especially during times of war, chaos, or civil disorder

saquear, pillar

saquear, pillar

Ex: The pirates planned to plunder the merchant ship and seize its valuable cargo. 

Los piratas planeaban saquear el barco mercante y apoderarse de su valiosa carga.

to strafe
to strafe
[Verbo]

to attack ground targets, such as enemy troops or installations, with gunfire from low-flying aircraft

ametrallar, cañonear

ametrallar, cañonear

Ex: The bomber planes were equipped with machine guns to strafe enemy airfields and disable aircraft on the ground. 

Los aviones bombarderos estaban equipados con ametralladoras para bombardear los aeródromos enemigos e inutilizar los aviones en tierra.

to outflank

to maneuver around the side of an enemy force, position, or defensive line in order to gain a tactical advantage

rebasar, flanquear

rebasar, flanquear

Ex: The guerrilla fighters utilized their knowledge of the terrain to outflank the larger enemy force, catching them by surprise. 

Los combatientes de la guerrilla utilizaron su conocimiento del terreno para flanquear a la fuerza enemiga más grande, tomándolos por sorpresa.

to vanquish

to defeat someone completely and decisively

vencer, derrotar

vencer, derrotar

Ex: The hero embarked on a quest to vanquish the evil sorcerer and restore peace to the kingdom. 

El héroe se embarcó en una misión para vencer al hechicero malvado y restaurar la paz en el reino.

siege
siege
[Sustantivo]

the act of surrounding the enemy, a town, etc. and cutting off their supplies so that they would surrender

sitio

sitio

Ex: The castle withstood a fierce siege for months before finally surrendering to the invading army. 

El castillo resistió un asedio feroz durante meses antes de finalmente rendirse al ejército invasor.

to retaliate

to make a counterattack or respond in a similar manner

contraatacar

contraatacar

Ex: The organization decided to retaliate hacking attempts by counterattacking the source. 

La organización decidió contraatacar los intentos de piratería informática atacando la fuente.

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