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Listahan ng mga Salita sa Antas C1 - Mga Desisyon at Pananagutan

Dito matututo ka ng ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa mga desisyon at pananagutan, tulad ng "arbitrary", "eligible", "decisive", atbp. inihanda para sa mga mag-aaral ng antas C1.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
accountable
[pang-uri]

responsible for one's actions and prepared to explain them

may pananagutan, na dapat magpaliwanag

may pananagutan, na dapat magpaliwanag

Ex: Athletes are held accountable for their actions both on and off the field .Ang mga atleta ay **pananagutan** para sa kanilang mga aksyon pareho sa loob at labas ng field.
arbitrary
[pang-uri]

not based on reason but on chance or personal impulse, which is often unfair

arbitraryo, kakaiba

arbitraryo, kakaiba

Ex: The company 's dress code policy seemed arbitrary, with rules changing frequently without explanation .Ang patakaran sa dress code ng kumpanya ay tila **arbitrary**, na may mga patakarang madalas nagbabago nang walang paliwanag.
decisive
[pang-uri]

(of a person) able to make clear, firm decisions quickly, especially in challenging situations

desisibo,  determinado

desisibo, determinado

Ex: A decisive person knows when to act and is never swayed by indecision or doubt .Ang isang **desisibo** na tao ay alam kung kailan kikilos at hindi kailanman nadadala ng pag-aatubili o pagdududa.
eligible
[pang-uri]

possessing the right to do or have something because of having the required qualifications

karapat-dapat, kwalipikado

karapat-dapat, kwalipikado

Ex: Citizens who meet the income requirements are eligible to receive government assistance .Ang mga mamamayan na tumutugon sa mga kinakailangan sa kita ay **karapat-dapat** na makatanggap ng tulong mula sa gobyerno.
inclined
[pang-uri]

having a tendency to do something

hilig, nakahilig

hilig, nakahilig

Ex: He is inclined to procrastinate when faced with difficult tasks .Siya ay **may hilig** na mag-procrastinate kapag nahaharap sa mahihirap na gawain.
indecisive
[pang-uri]

(of a person) having difficulty making choices or decisions, often due to fear, lack of confidence, or overthinking

hindi mapagpasiya, nag-aalangan

hindi mapagpasiya, nag-aalangan

Ex: He remained indecisive about quitting his job , torn between stability and pursuing his passion .Nanatili siyang **hindi tiyak** tungkol sa pag-alis sa kanyang trabaho, nahati sa pagitan ng katatagan at pagtugis ng kanyang hilig.
inflexible
[pang-uri]

reluctant to compromise or change one's attitude, belief, plan, etc.

hindi nababaluktot, matigas ang ulo

hindi nababaluktot, matigas ang ulo

Ex: Despite the new evidence presented , he remained inflexible in his opinion .Sa kabila ng bagong ebidensyang iniharap, nanatili siyang **matigas ang ulo** sa kanyang opinyon.
preferable
[pang-uri]

more desirable or favored compared to other options

mas mainam, mas kanais-nais

mas mainam, mas kanais-nais

Ex: Many people find online shopping preferable to visiting physical stores due to convenience .
undecided
[pang-uri]

unable to make a decision or form a definite opinion about a matter

hindi desidido,  nag-aalangan

hindi desidido, nag-aalangan

Ex: Despite all the arguments presented , I am still undecided about which course of action to take .Sa kabila ng lahat ng mga argumentong ipinakita, ako ay **hindi pa rin nakakapagdesisyon** kung anong kursong aksyon ang dapat gawin.
to despise
[Pandiwa]

to hate and have no respect for something or someone

hamakin, mapoot

hamakin, mapoot

Ex: We despise cruelty to animals and support organizations that work to protect them .**Kinamumuhian** namin ang kalupitan sa mga hayop at sinusuportahan ang mga organisasyon na nagtatrabaho upang protektahan sila.
to find
[Pandiwa]

(of a law court) to make an official decision

magpasiya, humatol

magpasiya, humatol

Ex: The judge found the defendant guilty of theft and sentenced him to prison.
to overturn
[Pandiwa]

to reverse, abolish, or invalidate something, especially a legal decision

pawalang-bisa, baligtarin

pawalang-bisa, baligtarin

Ex: The athlete's suspension was overturned after a thorough review of the doping test results.Ang suspensyon ng atleta ay **binawi** matapos ang masusing pagsusuri sa mga resulta ng doping test.
to put off
[Pandiwa]

to cause a person to dislike someone or something

ayawan, di-ayawan

ayawan, di-ayawan

Ex: They were put off by the high prices and decided to shop elsewhere.Sila ay **na-discourage** ng mataas na presyo at nagpasya na mamili sa ibang lugar.
to reverse
[Pandiwa]

to change something such as a process, situation, etc. to be the opposite of what it was before

baligtarin, ibahin ang direksyon

baligtarin, ibahin ang direksyon

Ex: Consumer feedback led the design team to reverse certain features in the product .Ang feedback ng mga mamimili ay nagdulot sa design team na **baligtarin** ang ilang mga tampok sa produkto.
to rule
[Pandiwa]

to make an official decision about something

magpasiya, humusga

magpasiya, humusga

Ex: The city council ruled against the construction of the new shopping mall due to environmental concerns .Ang lungsod konseho ay **nagpasiya** laban sa pagtatayo ng bagong shopping mall dahil sa mga alalahanin sa kapaligiran.

to undertake an action, often involving risk or uncertainty

Ex: The took a chance by attempting a challenging move during the competition .
to think twice
[Parirala]

to think about something very carefully before doing it

Ex: When offering criticism , it 's essential think twice to ensure your words are constructive .
to uphold
[Pandiwa]

(particularly of a law court) to state that a previous decision is correct

kumpirmahin, panatilihin

kumpirmahin, panatilihin

Ex: The disciplinary panel upheld the suspension after reviewing all the evidence and testimonies .**Pinagtibay** ng disciplinary panel ang suspensyon pagkatapos suriin ang lahat ng ebidensya at patotoo.
admiration
[Pangngalan]

a feeling of much respect for and approval of someone or something

pagkahanga, pagpupuri

pagkahanga, pagpupuri

Ex: He spoke about his mentor with deep admiration, crediting her for his success and inspiration .Nagsalita siya tungkol sa kanyang mentor na may malalim na **paghanga**, na inuugnay sa kanya ang kanyang tagumpay at inspirasyon.
adoption
[Pangngalan]

the action of starting to use a certain plan, name, method, or idea

pagtanggap, pag-ampon

pagtanggap, pag-ampon

Ex: The adoption of the new policy improved workplace efficiency and employee satisfaction .Ang **pag-aampon** ng bagong patakaran ay nagpabuti sa kahusayan sa lugar ng trabaho at kasiyahan ng empleyado.
award
[Pangngalan]

an official decision based on which something is given to someone

gantimpala,  parangal

gantimpala, parangal

Ex: The arbitration resulted in the award of significant damages to the injured party .Ang arbitrasyon ay nagresulta sa **pagkaloob** ng malaking pinsala sa nasaktang partido.
consultation
[Pangngalan]

the act or process of discussing something with a person or a group of people

konsultasyon

konsultasyon

Ex: The IT department held a consultation with the software vendors to address the security issues .Ang departamento ng IT ay nagdaos ng isang **konsultasyon** sa mga software vendor upang tugunan ang mga isyu sa seguridad.
conundrum
[Pangngalan]

a problem or question that is confusing and needs a lot of skill or effort to solve or answer

palaisipan, suliranin

palaisipan, suliranin

Ex: She found herself in a conundrum when she had to choose between two equally appealing job offers .Nakita niya ang sarili sa isang **dilemma** nang kailangan niyang pumili sa pagitan ng dalawang pantay na kaakit-akit na alok sa trabaho.
dilemma
[Pangngalan]

a situation that is difficult because a choice must be made between two or more options that are equally important

dilema

dilema

Ex: The environmentalists faced a dilemma: support clean energy projects that displaced local communities or oppose them for social justice reasons .Nakaharap ang mga environmentalist ng isang **dilemma**: suportahan ang malinis na enerhiya na proyekto na pinalayas ang mga lokal na komunidad o tutulan ang mga ito para sa mga dahilan ng hustisyang panlipunan.
jurisdiction
[Pangngalan]

the power or authority of a court of law or an organization to make legal decisions and judgements

hurisdiksyon, kapangyarihang legal

hurisdiksyon, kapangyarihang legal

Ex: The Supreme Court clarified its jurisdiction in interpreting constitutional issues .Nilinaw ng Korte Suprema ang **hurisdiksyon** nito sa pagbibigay-kahulugan sa mga isyung konstitusyonal.
prejudice
[Pangngalan]

an unreasonable opinion or judgment based on dislike felt for a person, group, etc., particularly because of their race, sex, etc.

paninibago, pagkiling

paninibago, pagkiling

Ex: The novel explores themes of prejudice and social inequality .Tinalakay ng nobela ang mga tema ng **prehuwisyo** at hindi pagkakapantay-pantay sa lipunan.
resistance
[Pangngalan]

the act of refusing to accept or obey something such as a plan, law, or change

paglaban

paglaban

Ex: The artist faced resistance from critics who did not appreciate her unconventional style .Nakaranas ng **paglaban** ang artista mula sa mga kritiko na hindi nagustuhan ang kanyang hindi kinaugaliang estilo.
ruling
[Pangngalan]

a decision made by someone with official power, particularly a judge

desisyon, hatol

desisyon, hatol

Ex: The school board 's ruling to implement a new dress code policy sparked controversy among parents and students .Ang **pasiya** ng lupon ng paaralan na ipatupad ang bagong patakaran sa dress code ay nagdulot ng kontrobersya sa mga magulang at estudyante.
verdict
[Pangngalan]

an opinion given or a decision made after much consideration

hatol, desisyon

hatol, desisyon

Ex: The public 's verdict on the new policy was overwhelmingly negative , prompting a reconsideration by policymakers .Ang **hatol** ng publiko sa bagong patakaran ay labis na negatibo, na nag-udyok sa mga gumagawa ng patakaran na muling pag-isipan ito.
to have a think
[Parirala]

to think about something before making a decision

Ex: Having a think can lead to creative solutions and insights .

to give thought to a certain fact before making a decision

Ex: The architect took the client's preferences into consideration when designing the new building.
to partake
[Pandiwa]

to participate in an event or activity

lumahok, sumali

lumahok, sumali

Ex: Local residents often partake in community events to strengthen neighborhood bonds.Ang mga lokal na residente ay madalas na **sumali** sa mga kaganapan sa komunidad upang palakasin ang mga ugnayan ng kapitbahayan.
to undertake
[Pandiwa]

to take responsibility for something and start to do it

gampanan, tanggapin

gampanan, tanggapin

Ex: The team undertakes a comprehensive review of the project to identify areas for improvement .Ang koponan ay **nagsasagawa** ng komprehensibong pagsusuri ng proyekto upang matukoy ang mga lugar para sa pagpapabuti.

to be enjoyable and well-suited to a person's preference or interests

Ex: Rock music isn't really my thing; I prefer jazz and blues.
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