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Linguistica - Ortografia e Tipografia

Qui imparerai alcune parole inglesi relative all'ortografia e alla tipografia come "ortografia", "corsivo" e "italico".

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Ortografia

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Words Related to Linguistics
spelling
spelling
[sostantivo]

the act or the ability of putting letters in the correct order to form a word

ortografia

ortografia

Ex: They used flashcards to test each other's spelling of difficult words. 
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capitalization
capitalization
[sostantivo]

the use of uppercase letters in writing or printing

maiuscola, capitalizzazione

maiuscola, capitalizzazione

Ex: Check the capitalization of all proper nouns. 
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punctuation
punctuation
[sostantivo]

the use of marks such as a period, comma, etc. in writing to divide sentences and phrases to better convey meaning

punteggiatura

punteggiatura

Ex: The editor pointed out several punctuation errors in the draft that needed to be corrected. 

L'editore ha segnalato diversi errori di punteggiatura nella bozza che dovevano essere corretti.

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writing system
writing system
[sostantivo]

a set of symbols or characters used to represent language in a visual or tangible form, allowing communication and the recording of information

sistema di scrittura, metodo di scrittura

sistema di scrittura, metodo di scrittura

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phonemic orthography

a writing system that represents the sounds of a language using consistent and predictable symbols or characters, allowing for a direct correspondence between written and spoken forms

ortografia fonemica, sistema di scrittura fonemico

ortografia fonemica, sistema di scrittura fonemico

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cursive
cursive
[sostantivo]

a style of handwriting in which the letters are joined together in a flowing manner, often written with continuous strokes and without lifting the pen or pencil from the paper

corsivo, scrittura legata

corsivo, scrittura legata

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typography
typography
[sostantivo]

the art and technique of organizing written text in a visually appealing and readable manner

tipografia, arte tipografica

tipografia, arte tipografica

Ex: In the world of advertising, effective typography can make or break a campaign, as brands strive to convey their message with clarity and impact through carefully chosen fonts and layouts. 

Nel mondo della pubblicità, una tipografia efficace può fare o rompere una campagna, poiché i brand si sforzano di trasmettere il loro messaggio con chiarezza e impatto attraverso font e layout accuratamente selezionati.

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paragraph
paragraph
[sostantivo]

a self-contained part of discourse that consists of one or more sentences dealing with a particular topic, indicated by indentation

paragrafo

paragrafo

Ex: He read the first paragraph aloud to the class. 
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orthographic depth
orthographic depth
[sostantivo]

the degree of consistency between the spelling and pronunciation of words in a writing system, with shallow orthographies having a high degree of consistency such as in Spanish and deep orthographies having a lower consistency such as in English

profondità ortografica, profondità dell'ortografia

profondità ortografica, profondità dell'ortografia

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lowercase
lowercase
[sostantivo]

the small letters in a writing system, contrasting with uppercase, and commonly used in regular text

minuscolo, lettera minuscola

minuscolo, lettera minuscola

Ex: The password requirement included at least one lowercase and one uppercase letter. 

Il requisito della password includeva almeno una lettera minuscola e una maiuscola.

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uppercase
uppercase
[sostantivo]

the set of capital or large letters in the Latin alphabet or other writing systems, typically used at the beginning of a sentence, for proper nouns, and for emphasis

maiuscola, lettera maiuscola

maiuscola, lettera maiuscola

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rebus principle
rebus principle
[sostantivo]

a linguistic or writing technique that uses pictures, symbols, or combinations of letters to represent words or sounds, often based on their phonetic similarity or association, creating visual puns or wordplay

principio del rebus, tecnica del rebus

principio del rebus, tecnica del rebus

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alphabet
alphabet
[sostantivo]

a set of basic written symbols, representing the sounds of a language, which if put into correct orders form the words

alfabeto

alfabeto

Ex: The alphabet chart on the classroom wall helped students remember letter order. 

Il grafico dell'alfabeto sul muro della classe ha aiutato gli studenti a ricordare l'ordine delle lettere.

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logogram
logogram
[sostantivo]

a written character or symbol that represents an entire word or concept, rather than representing individual sounds or phonetic elements, as seen in some writing systems such as Chinese characters or Egyptian hieroglyphs

logogramma, ideogramma

logogramma, ideogramma

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serif
serif
[sostantivo]

the small decorative strokes or flourishes that extend from the ends of the main strokes of letters in a typeface, giving them a more traditional or formal appearance

grazia, serif

grazia, serif

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typeface
typeface
[sostantivo]

a particular design or style of lettering, including the shape, size, and characteristics of the characters, that make up a complete set of fonts within a specific font family

carattere tipografico, font

carattere tipografico, font

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allograph
allograph
[sostantivo]

a different physical or visual representation of the same grapheme or character in a writing system

allografo, variante grafica

allografo, variante grafica

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grapheme
grapheme
[sostantivo]

the smallest unit of a writing system that represents a distinct sound or phoneme in a language, such as a single letter, combination of letters, or symbol

grafema, unità grafica minima

grafema, unità grafica minima

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bold
bold
[sostantivo]

a style of type in which letters are thicker and darker than ordinary text

grassetto,  neretto

grassetto, neretto

Ex: Use bold for the key words in each paragraph. 
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italic
italic
[sostantivo]

a cursive script with slanted letters that are connected and flowing in appearance

corsivo, scrittura corsiva

corsivo, scrittura corsiva

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sans serif
sans serif
[sostantivo]

a typeface or font that does not have small decorative strokes or serifs at the ends of the main letterforms, giving it a clean and modern appearance

senza grazie

senza grazie

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slashed zero
slashed zero
[sostantivo]

the typographic variation of the digit "0" in which a diagonal slash is added across the zero to distinguish it from the letter "O" and indicate that it represents the numerical zero

zero barrato, zero con barra obliqua

zero barrato, zero con barra obliqua

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ligature
ligature
[sostantivo]

a typographic term that refers to the combination of two or more letters or characters into a single interconnected glyph, often used to enhance readability or aesthetic appeal in certain typefaces or scripts

legatura, glifo combinato

legatura, glifo combinato

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diacritic
diacritic
[sostantivo]

(linguistics) a mark that is written below or above a letter indicating a difference in pronunciation

diacritico

diacritico

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acute accent
acute accent
[sostantivo]

a diacritic used in various languages and writing systems to indicate different linguistic features such as stress, pitch, or vowel quality

accento acuto

accento acuto

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accent
accent
[sostantivo]

a written mark used to indicate stress, pronunciation, or another phonetic feature

accento

accento

Ex: This accent indicates that the final syllable should be stressed. 
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tilde
tilde
[sostantivo]

the symbol ~ put over the letter n in Spanish, or a and o in Portuguese to indicate nasalization

tilde

tilde

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cedilla
cedilla
[sostantivo]

the mark that appears as a small hook put under the letter 'c' indicating that it has a /s/ sound, rather than a /k/ sound

cedilla

cedilla

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circumflex
circumflex
[sostantivo]

the mark ^, placed over a vowel in some languages indicating contraction, length, etc.

circonflex

circonflex

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grave
grave
[sostantivo]

a diacritic mark (`) placed over a vowel in certain languages to indicate a particular pronunciation or other phonetic distinction

grave

grave

Ex: The keyboard shortcut inserts a grave above the selected letter. 
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umlaut
umlaut
[sostantivo]

the mark ¨, put over a vowel indicating an articulation with rounding or fronting

dieresi

dieresi

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thorn
thorn
[sostantivo]

a historical Germanic letter of runic origin

thorn

thorn

Ex: Carvings on stones sometimes feature the thorn. 

Le incisioni su pietra a volte presentano la runa thorn.

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pictograph
pictograph
[sostantivo]

a graphic symbol that signifies a word, phrase, physical object, etc.

pittogramma

pittogramma

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ideogram
ideogram
[sostantivo]

a symbol or graphic representation that directly represents a concept or idea, often without relying on specific sounds or language, commonly used in pictographic or logographic writing systems

ideogramma, simbolo grafico

ideogramma, simbolo grafico

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silent letter
silent letter
[sostantivo]

a letter in a word that is not pronounced when the word is spoken, although it may still affect the pronunciation or meaning of the word

lettera muta, lettera silenziosa

lettera muta, lettera silenziosa

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eth
eth
[sostantivo]

a letter used in some languages, such as Old English and Icelandic, to represent the voiced "th" sound, and is derived from the runic letter "d"

una lettera usata in alcune lingue,  come l'inglese antico e l'islandese

una lettera usata in alcune lingue, come l'inglese antico e l'islandese

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virama
virama
[sostantivo]

a diacritic mark used in some writing systems, such as Devanagari and Indic scripts, to indicate the absence of a vowel sound following a consonant, effectively suppressing the inherent vowel

virama, segno diacritico utilizzato in alcuni sistemi di scrittura

virama, segno diacritico utilizzato in alcuni sistemi di scrittura

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calligraphy
calligraphy
[sostantivo]

the art of producing beautiful handwriting using special writing instruments such as a dip or brush pen

calligrafia

calligrafia

Ex: Modern calligraphers often blend traditional techniques with contemporary designs to create stunning artworks. 

I calligrafi moderni spesso mescolano tecniche tradizionali con design contemporanei per creare opere d'arte mozzafiato.

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clerical script
clerical script
[sostantivo]

a style of Chinese calligraphy that emerged during the Han Dynasty and was commonly used for official documents and bureaucratic purposes, characterized by its simplified and standardized form with square-shaped characters and clear strokes

scrittura clericale, stile clericale

scrittura clericale, stile clericale

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seal script
seal script
[sostantivo]

an ancient style of writing used in China during the late Zhou Dynasty and the Qin Dynasty, characterized by its pictographic and abstract forms, with characters often featuring intricate and flowing lines

scrittura sigillare, script sigillare

scrittura sigillare, script sigillare

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regular script
regular script
[sostantivo]

a standardized style of Chinese calligraphy characterized by its balanced and uniform strokes, widely used for its readability and simplicity

scrittura regolare, stile regolare

scrittura regolare, stile regolare

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running hand script

a semi-cursive style of Chinese calligraphy that exhibits a fluid and connected writing with simplified strokes, striking a balance between the cursive and regular scripts

stile semicorsivo di calligrafia cinese, scrittura corsiva parziale cinese

stile semicorsivo di calligrafia cinese, scrittura corsiva parziale cinese

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kanji
kanji
[sostantivo]

the logographic characters adopted from Chinese characters and used in the Japanese writing system

kanji, caratteri kanji

kanji, caratteri kanji

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hiragana
hiragana
[sostantivo]

a fundamental component of the Japanese writing system, comprising 46 characters that represent syllables and are utilized for native Japanese words, grammatical purposes, and verb endings

hiragana, un componente fondamentale del sistema di scrittura giapponese

hiragana, un componente fondamentale del sistema di scrittura giapponese

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katakana
katakana
[sostantivo]

a component in the Japanese writing system, consisting of 46 characters that represent syllables and are primarily used for borrowed words, foreign names, onomatopoeia, and emphasis

katakana, un componente del sistema di scrittura giapponese

katakana, un componente del sistema di scrittura giapponese

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hanja
hanja
[sostantivo]

the Chinese characters that are used in the Korean writing system, representing both meaning and sound and used in conjunction with the Korean alphabet, Hangul, to write words of Chinese origin or to clarify the meaning of Korean words

i caratteri cinesi utilizzati nel sistema di scrittura coreano,  che rappresentano sia il significato che il suono e sono usati insieme all'alfabeto coreano

i caratteri cinesi utilizzati nel sistema di scrittura coreano, che rappresentano sia il significato che il suono e sono usati insieme all'alfabeto coreano

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rune
rune
[sostantivo]

a letter or character from the runic alphabet, used in various Germanic languages during the early Middle Ages

runa, carattere runico

runa, carattere runico

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stroke
stroke
[sostantivo]

a single mark, line, or brush movement used to form characters in writing systems such as Chinese, Japanese, or Korean

tratto, pennellata

tratto, pennellata

Ex: Mastery of brush strokes is essential in traditional calligraphy. 
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