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Lingvistika - Pravopis a Typografie

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s pravopisem a typografií, jako je "pravopis", "kurzíva" a "kurzíva".

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Pravopis

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Words Related to Linguistics
spelling
spelling
[Podstatné jméno]

the act or the ability of putting letters in the correct order to form a word

pravopis, hláskování

pravopis, hláskování

Ex: Her excellent spelling earned her the top prize in the spelling bee. 
capitalization
capitalization
[Podstatné jméno]

the practice of using uppercase letters to signify the beginning of a sentence, proper nouns, and certain other grammatical elements for clarity and emphasis

používání velkých písmen, kapitalizace

používání velkých písmen, kapitalizace

punctuation
punctuation
[Podstatné jméno]

the use of marks such as a period, comma, etc. in writing to divide sentences and phrases to better convey meaning

interpunkce

interpunkce

Ex: She reviewed her essay carefully to ensure that all punctuation was used correctly. 
writing system
writing system
[Podstatné jméno]

a set of symbols or characters used to represent language in a visual or tangible form, allowing communication and the recording of information

psací systém, metoda psaní

psací systém, metoda psaní

phonemic orthography
phonemic orthography
[Podstatné jméno]

a writing system that represents the sounds of a language using consistent and predictable symbols or characters, allowing for a direct correspondence between written and spoken forms

fonemický pravopis, fonemický systém psaní

fonemický pravopis, fonemický systém psaní

cursive
cursive
[Podstatné jméno]

a style of handwriting in which the letters are joined together in a flowing manner, often written with continuous strokes and without lifting the pen or pencil from the paper

kurent, spojité písmo

kurent, spojité písmo

typography
typography
[Podstatné jméno]

the art and technique of organizing written text in a visually appealing and readable manner

typografie, umění typografie

typografie, umění typografie

Ex: The graphic designer meticulously crafted the typography for the book cover, selecting fonts and arranging text to capture the essence of the story while maintaining readability. 
paragraph
paragraph
[Podstatné jméno]

a self-contained part of discourse that consists of one or more sentences dealing with a particular topic, indicated by indentation

odstavec, paragraf

odstavec, paragraf

orthographic depth
orthographic depth
[Podstatné jméno]

the degree of consistency between the spelling and pronunciation of words in a writing system, with shallow orthographies having a high degree of consistency such as in Spanish and deep orthographies having a lower consistency such as in English

ortografická hloubka, hloubka pravopisu

ortografická hloubka, hloubka pravopisu

lowercase
lowercase
[Podstatné jméno]

the small letters in a writing system, contrasting with uppercase, and commonly used in regular text

malé písmeno, minuska

malé písmeno, minuska

Ex: The username must be entered in lowercase to be accepted by the system. 
uppercase
uppercase
[Podstatné jméno]

the set of capital or large letters in the Latin alphabet or other writing systems, typically used at the beginning of a sentence, for proper nouns, and for emphasis

velké písmeno, velká písmena

velké písmeno, velká písmena

rebus principle
rebus principle
[Podstatné jméno]

a linguistic or writing technique that uses pictures, symbols, or combinations of letters to represent words or sounds, often based on their phonetic similarity or association, creating visual puns or wordplay

princip rebusu, technika rebusu

princip rebusu, technika rebusu

alphabet
alphabet
[Podstatné jméno]

a set of basic written symbols, representing the sounds of a language, which if put into correct orders form the words

abeceda, alfabeta

abeceda, alfabeta

Ex: The children learned the alphabet to start reading and writing. 
logogram
logogram
[Podstatné jméno]

a written character or symbol that represents an entire word or concept, rather than representing individual sounds or phonetic elements, as seen in some writing systems such as Chinese characters or Egyptian hieroglyphs

logogram, ideogram

logogram, ideogram

serif
serif
[Podstatné jméno]

the small decorative strokes or flourishes that extend from the ends of the main strokes of letters in a typeface, giving them a more traditional or formal appearance

serif, ozdoba

serif, ozdoba

typeface
typeface
[Podstatné jméno]

a particular design or style of lettering, including the shape, size, and characteristics of the characters, that make up a complete set of fonts within a specific font family

písmo, font

písmo, font

allograph
allograph
[Podstatné jméno]

a different physical or visual representation of the same grapheme or character in a writing system

alograf, grafická varianta

alograf, grafická varianta

grapheme
grapheme
[Podstatné jméno]

the smallest unit of a writing system that represents a distinct sound or phoneme in a language, such as a single letter, combination of letters, or symbol

grafém, nejmenší jednotka písemného systému

grafém, nejmenší jednotka písemného systému

bold
bold
[Podstatné jméno]

a font style characterized by thick, heavy lines for emphasis or visibility

tučné, tučné písmo

tučné, tučné písmo

Ex: The heading was printed in bold to attract attention. 
italic
italic
[Podstatné jméno]

a cursive script with slanted letters that are connected and flowing in appearance

kurzíva, šikmé písmo

kurzíva, šikmé písmo

sans serif
sans serif
[Podstatné jméno]

a typeface or font that does not have small decorative strokes or serifs at the ends of the main letterforms, giving it a clean and modern appearance

bezpatkové

bezpatkové

slashed zero
slashed zero
[Podstatné jméno]

the typographic variation of the digit "0" in which a diagonal slash is added across the zero to distinguish it from the letter "O" and indicate that it represents the numerical zero

přeškrtnutá nula, nula s lomítkem

přeškrtnutá nula, nula s lomítkem

ligature
ligature
[Podstatné jméno]

a typographic term that refers to the combination of two or more letters or characters into a single interconnected glyph, often used to enhance readability or aesthetic appeal in certain typefaces or scripts

ligatura, kombinovaný glyf

ligatura, kombinovaný glyf

diacritic
diacritic
[Podstatné jméno]

(linguistics) a mark that is written below or above a letter indicating a difference in pronunciation

diakritické znaménko, diakritikum

diakritické znaménko, diakritikum

acute accent
acute accent
[Podstatné jméno]

a diacritic used in various languages and writing systems to indicate different linguistic features such as stress, pitch, or vowel quality

akutní přízvuk

akutní přízvuk

accent
accent
[Podstatné jméno]

a mark that indicates the emphatic syllable in a word, which is stressed

přízvuk

přízvuk

tilde
tilde
[Podstatné jméno]

the symbol ~ put over the letter n in Spanish, or a and o in Portuguese to indicate nasalization

tilda, znak tilda

tilda, znak tilda

cedilla
cedilla
[Podstatné jméno]

the mark that appears as a small hook put under the letter 'c' indicating that it has a /s/ sound, rather than a /k/ sound

cedilla, diakritické znaménko ve tvaru malého háčku umístěné pod písmenem 'c'

cedilla, diakritické znaménko ve tvaru malého háčku umístěné pod písmenem 'c'

circumflex
circumflex
[Podstatné jméno]

the mark ^, placed over a vowel in some languages indicating contraction, length, etc.

cirkumflex, vokáň

cirkumflex, vokáň

grave
grave
[Podstatné jméno]

the diacritic mark ` placed above a vowel in some languages indicating an altered pronunciation in case of quality, quantity or pitch

gravis, těžký přízvuk

gravis, těžký přízvuk

Ex: In French, the word 'près' uses a grave over the letter 'e' to indicate its pronunciation. 
umlaut
umlaut
[Podstatné jméno]

the mark ¨, put over a vowel indicating an articulation with rounding or fronting

přehláska, umlaut

přehláska, umlaut

thorn
thorn
[Podstatné jméno]

a historical Germanic letter of runic origin

trn, písmeno thorn

trn, písmeno thorn

Ex: The thorn appears in several ancient runic inscriptions. 
pictograph
pictograph
[Podstatné jméno]

a graphic symbol that signifies a word, phrase, physical object, etc.

piktogram, grafický symbol

piktogram, grafický symbol

ideogram
ideogram
[Podstatné jméno]

a symbol or graphic representation that directly represents a concept or idea, often without relying on specific sounds or language, commonly used in pictographic or logographic writing systems

ideogram, grafický symbol

ideogram, grafický symbol

silent letter
silent letter
[Podstatné jméno]

a letter in a word that is not pronounced when the word is spoken, although it may still affect the pronunciation or meaning of the word

němá hláska, tiché písmeno

němá hláska, tiché písmeno

eth
eth
[Podstatné jméno]

a letter used in some languages, such as Old English and Icelandic, to represent the voiced "th" sound, and is derived from the runic letter "d"

písmeno používané v některých jazycích,  jako je stará angličtina a islandština

písmeno používané v některých jazycích, jako je stará angličtina a islandština

virama
virama
[Podstatné jméno]

a diacritic mark used in some writing systems, such as Devanagari and Indic scripts, to indicate the absence of a vowel sound following a consonant, effectively suppressing the inherent vowel

virama, diakritická značka používaná v některých písemných systémech

virama, diakritická značka používaná v některých písemných systémech

calligraphy
calligraphy
[Podstatné jméno]

the art of producing beautiful handwriting using special writing instruments such as a dip or brush pen

kaligrafie, umění krásného psaní

kaligrafie, umění krásného psaní

Ex: The artist demonstrated exquisite calligraphy with graceful strokes and precise lettering. 
clerical script
clerical script
[Podstatné jméno]

a style of Chinese calligraphy that emerged during the Han Dynasty and was commonly used for official documents and bureaucratic purposes, characterized by its simplified and standardized form with square-shaped characters and clear strokes

klerikální písmo, klerikální styl

klerikální písmo, klerikální styl

seal script
seal script
[Podstatné jméno]

an ancient style of writing used in China during the late Zhou Dynasty and the Qin Dynasty, characterized by its pictographic and abstract forms, with characters often featuring intricate and flowing lines

pečetní písmo, pečetní skript

pečetní písmo, pečetní skript

regular script
regular script
[Podstatné jméno]

a standardized style of Chinese calligraphy characterized by its balanced and uniform strokes, widely used for its readability and simplicity

pravidelné písmo, standardní styl

pravidelné písmo, standardní styl

running hand script
running hand script
[Podstatné jméno]

a semi-cursive style of Chinese calligraphy that exhibits a fluid and connected writing with simplified strokes, striking a balance between the cursive and regular scripts

polo-kurzivní styl čínské kaligrafie, částečně spojené čínské písmo

polo-kurzivní styl čínské kaligrafie, částečně spojené čínské písmo

kanji
kanji
[Podstatné jméno]

the logographic characters adopted from Chinese characters and used in the Japanese writing system

kanji, znaky kanji

kanji, znaky kanji

hiragana
hiragana
[Podstatné jméno]

a fundamental component of the Japanese writing system, comprising 46 characters that represent syllables and are utilized for native Japanese words, grammatical purposes, and verb endings

hiragana, základní součást japonského písma

hiragana, základní součást japonského písma

katakana
katakana
[Podstatné jméno]

a component in the Japanese writing system, consisting of 46 characters that represent syllables and are primarily used for borrowed words, foreign names, onomatopoeia, and emphasis

katakana, součást japonského písma

katakana, součást japonského písma

hanja
hanja
[Podstatné jméno]

the Chinese characters that are used in the Korean writing system, representing both meaning and sound and used in conjunction with the Korean alphabet, Hangul, to write words of Chinese origin or to clarify the meaning of Korean words

čínské znaky používané v korejském písemném systému,  které reprezentují jak význam

čínské znaky používané v korejském písemném systému, které reprezentují jak význam

rune
rune
[Podstatné jméno]

a letter or character from the runic alphabet, used in various Germanic languages during the early Middle Ages

runa, runový znak

runa, runový znak

stroke
stroke
[Podstatné jméno]

a single mark, line, or brush movement used to form characters in writing systems such as Chinese, Japanese, or Korean

čára, tahem štětce

čára, tahem štětce

Ex: Each Chinese character is composed of several strokes. 
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