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IELTS Academicの語彙 (スコア6-7) - 言語と文法

ここでは、アカデミックIELTS試験に必要な言語と文法に関連するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
rhetoric
rhetoric
[名詞]

the study of techniques and principles for using language effectively, especially in public speaking

修辞学, 演説術

修辞学, 演説術

Ex: She studied rhetoric to improve her debate skills. 
suffix
suffix
[名詞]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

接尾辞, 語尾

接尾辞, 語尾

Ex: Adding the suffix '-ly' to 'quick' changes the word to 'quickly,' turning it into an adverb. 
prefix
prefix
[名詞]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

接頭辞

接頭辞

Ex: Understanding common prefixes, such as 'pre-' and 'dis-,' can help students decode unfamiliar words. 
homonym
homonym
[名詞]

each of two or more words with the same spelling or pronunciation that vary in meaning and origin

同音異義語, 同音語

同音異義語, 同音語

Ex: It's essential to consider context when deciphering the meaning of a homonym in a sentence. 
jargon
jargon
[名詞]

words, phrases, and expressions used by a specific group or profession, which are incomprehensible to others

専門用語, 業界用語

専門用語, 業界用語

Ex: Medical professionals often use jargon such as 'stat,' 'BP,' and 'code blue,' which can be confusing to those outside the healthcare field. 
colloquialism

a word or phrase that is not formal or literary and is used in everyday conversations

口語表現, 日常会話の言葉

口語表現, 日常会話の言葉

polyglot
polyglot
[名詞]

a person who can speak or understand multiple languages

ポリグロット, 多言語話者

ポリグロット, 多言語話者

Ex: She is a polyglot who speaks seven languages fluently. 
acronym
acronym
[名詞]

a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a single word

頭字語, 略語

頭字語, 略語

Ex: NASA is an acronym for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 
abbreviation
abbreviation
[名詞]

the shortened form of a word, etc.

略語, 省略形

略語, 省略形

Ex: The abbreviation 'CEO' stands for Chief Executive Officer. 
bilingual
bilingual
[名詞]

a person who can speak and understand two different languages with ease and fluency

バイリンガル, 二ヶ国語を話す人

バイリンガル, 二ヶ国語を話す人

Ex: As a bilingual, she easily switches between English and Spanish. 
monolingual
monolingual
[名詞]

a person who speaks or is fluent in only one language

単一言語話者, モノリンガル

単一言語話者, モノリンガル

Ex: As a monolingual, she had to rely on a translator during her travels abroad. 
multilingual
multilingual
[名詞]

a person who speaks multiple languages

多言語話者, ポリグロット

多言語話者, ポリグロット

euphemism
euphemism
[名詞]

a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

婉曲表現, 遠回しな言い方

婉曲表現, 遠回しな言い方

Ex: "Between jobs" is a euphemism for being unemployed. 
alliteration
alliteration
[名詞]

the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of the words in a verse or sentence, used as a literary device

頭韻

頭韻

Ex: The poet employed alliteration to create a melodic effect in the verse. 
eloquence
eloquence
[名詞]

the ability to deliver a clear and strong message

雄弁, 明確で強いメッセージを伝える能力

雄弁, 明確で強いメッセージを伝える能力

Ex: The politician's eloquence captivated the audience and earned a standing ovation. 
determiner
determiner
[名詞]

(grammar) a word coming before a noun or noun phrase to specify its denotation

限定詞, 冠詞

限定詞, 冠詞

sign language

a system used to communicate with deaf people that involves using hands and body gestures instead of words

手話, サインランゲージ

手話, サインランゲージ

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