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a tiny structure within cells that assembles proteins by reading the genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA
리보솜
a cellular organelle involved in the processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids within the cell, consisting of a stack of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae
골지체, 골지 apparatus
a small, enzyme-filled sac in a cell that breaks down waste materials and unwanted substances
리소좀
an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production
미토콘드리아, 미토콘드리온
a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information
염색체
a plant cell organelle that uses sunlight to produce energy and make glucose through photosynthesis
엽록체
the gel-like, semifluid substance within a cell that surrounds the organelles, providing a medium for cellular activities, including metabolism, transport of substances, and support for cellular structures
세포질, 세포질
a cell that has had its nucleus removed or the cellular material excluding the nucleus
세포질, 핵이 제거된 세포
a network of protein fibers in a cell that gives it shape, supports its structure, and aids in movement
세포골격
a molecule that forms the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
뉴클레오타이드
a linear chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, forming a primary structure of a protein
폴리펩타이드
a specialized, membrane-bound structure within a cell that performs specific functions, contributing to the cell's overall structure and function
세포 소기관
a cell organelle in plants, fungi, and some protists that stores nutrients, manages waste, and helps maintain cell pressure
액포
a pair of small cylinders near the nucleus in animal cells, organizing cell division by forming the mitotic spindle
센트리올
a repetitive DNA sequence at the end of a linear chromosome, protecting it from deterioration during replication, and playing a role in cellular aging and cancer development
텔로미어, 반복 DNA 서열
a type of protein that plays a structural role in the packaging of DNA into nucleosomes, fundamental units of chromatin
히스톤
the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment
표현형
the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes
항상성
the process by which the information encoded in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is converted into a functional product, typically a protein
번역
the process by which a segment of DNA is used as a template to synthesize a complementary RNA molecule
전사, 유전자 전사
the process by which an organism duplicates its genetic material, particularly the copying of DNA in cell division
복제, 복사
an individual organism or cell with two different alleles at a specific gene locus, having inherited different genetic information from each parent
헤테로접합체
an individual organism or cell with two identical alleles at a specific gene locus, having inherited the same genetic information from both parents
동형접합체
a sequence of three adjacent nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis or serves as a start or stop signal in the translation process
코돈
a close and often long-term interaction between two different species living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both
공생, 상호 공생
a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape
아메바
the protein coat of a virus that encases its genetic material and helps it attach to and enter host cells during infection
캡시드
a green pigment found in all green plants and cyanobacteria that is responsible for the absorption of the sunlight needed for the photosynthesis process
클로로필
a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms
진핵생물
an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception
태아, 배아
a mature, female reproductive cell or egg, typically larger than a sperm cell, capable of fusing with a sperm cell during fertilization to form a zygote
난자, 오vum
an enzyme produced in the stomach that helps in the digestion of proteins by breaking them down into smaller peptides
펩신
a molecule that carries energy within cells, composed of adenine, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups
아데노신 삼인산, ATP
a simple, single-celled organism that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria and archaea
원핵생물
