Từ vựng cho IELTS Academic (Điểm 8-9) - Biology
Ở đây, bạn sẽ học một số từ tiếng Anh liên quan đến Sinh học cần thiết cho kỳ thi IELTS Học thuật.
Xem lại
Thẻ ghi nhớ
Chính tả
Đố vui
a tiny structure within cells that assembles proteins by reading the genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA

ribosome
a cellular organelle involved in the processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids within the cell, consisting of a stack of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae

Bộ máy Golgi, Phức hệ Golgi
a small, enzyme-filled sac in a cell that breaks down waste materials and unwanted substances

lysosome, túi chứa enzyme
an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production

ti thể, bào quan ty thể
a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information

nhiễm sắc thể, yếu tố nhiễm sắc thể
a plant cell organelle that uses sunlight to produce energy and make glucose through photosynthesis

lục lạp, bào quan quang hợp
the gel-like, semifluid substance within a cell that surrounds the organelles, providing a medium for cellular activities, including metabolism, transport of substances, and support for cellular structures

tế bào chất, chất tế bào
a cell that has had its nucleus removed or the cellular material excluding the nucleus

tế bào chất, tế bào không nhân
a network of protein fibers in a cell that gives it shape, supports its structure, and aids in movement

bộ xương tế bào, khung xương tế bào
a molecule that forms the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

nucleotide
the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

bộ gen
a linear chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, forming a primary structure of a protein

polypeptide, chuỗi polypeptide
a specialized, membrane-bound structure within a cell that performs specific functions, contributing to the cell's overall structure and function

bào quan, cơ quan tế bào
a cell organelle in plants, fungi, and some protists that stores nutrients, manages waste, and helps maintain cell pressure

không bào, túi nhỏ
a pair of small cylinders near the nucleus in animal cells, organizing cell division by forming the mitotic spindle

trung tử, cặp trung tử
a repetitive DNA sequence at the end of a linear chromosome, protecting it from deterioration during replication, and playing a role in cellular aging and cancer development

telomere, đầu mút nhiễm sắc thể
a type of protein that plays a structural role in the packaging of DNA into nucleosomes, fundamental units of chromatin

histone, protein histone
the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment

kiểu hình, đặc điểm quan sát được
the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes

cân bằng nội môi, sự ổn định nội môi
the process by which the information encoded in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is converted into a functional product, typically a protein

dịch mã, quá trình dịch mã
the process by which a segment of DNA is used as a template to synthesize a complementary RNA molecule

phiên mã, quá trình phiên mã
the process by which an organism duplicates its genetic material, particularly the copying of DNA in cell division

sự sao chép
an individual organism or cell with two different alleles at a specific gene locus, having inherited different genetic information from each parent

dị hợp tử, cá thể dị hợp tử
an individual organism or cell with two identical alleles at a specific gene locus, having inherited the same genetic information from both parents

đồng hợp tử, cá thể đồng hợp tử
a sequence of three adjacent nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis or serves as a start or stop signal in the translation process

codon, trình tự codon
a close and often long-term interaction between two different species living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both

sự cộng sinh, quan hệ cộng sinh
a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape

amip, amip
the protein coat of a virus that encases its genetic material and helps it attach to and enter host cells during infection

vỏ capsid, lớp vỏ protein
a green pigment found in all green plants and cyanobacteria that is responsible for the absorption of the sunlight needed for the photosynthesis process

diệp lục, sắc tố xanh
a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms

sinh vật nhân thực, sinh vật nhân chuẩn
an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception

bào thai, phôi thai
a mature, female reproductive cell or egg, typically larger than a sperm cell, capable of fusing with a sperm cell during fertilization to form a zygote

noãn, trứng
an enzyme produced in the stomach that helps in the digestion of proteins by breaking them down into smaller peptides

pepsin, enzyme tiêu hóa protein
a molecule that carries energy within cells, composed of adenine, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups

adenosine triphosphate, triphosphate adenosine
a simple, single-celled organism that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria and archaea

sinh vật nhân sơ, sinh vật đơn bào nhân sơ
| Từ vựng cho IELTS Academic (Điểm 8-9) |
|---|