pattern

Ordförråd för IELTS Academic (Poäng 8-9) - Biologi

Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord relaterade till biologi som är nödvändiga för det akademiska IELTS-provet.

Recension

Flashcards

Stavning

Quiz

Starta lärandet
Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
ribosome
ribosome
[Substantiv]

a tiny structure within cells that assembles proteins by reading the genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA

ribosom

ribosom

Ex: Antibiotics like tetracycline and streptomycin target bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting protein synthesis. 

Antibiotika som tetracyklin och streptomycin riktar in sig på bakteriella ribosomer, vilket hämmar proteinsyntesen.

Stäng
Logga in
Golgi apparatus
Golgi apparatus
[Substantiv]

a cellular organelle involved in the processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids within the cell, consisting of a stack of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae

Golgiapparaten, Golgikomplexet

Golgiapparaten, Golgikomplexet

Ex: Plant cells utilize the Golgi apparatus to produce cell wall components and other essential biomolecules. 

Växtceller använder Golgi-apparaten för att producera cellväggskomponenter och andra väsentliga biomolekyler.

Stäng
Logga in
lysosome
lysosome
[Substantiv]

a small, enzyme-filled sac in a cell that breaks down waste materials and unwanted substances

lysosom, enzymfylld vesikel

lysosom, enzymfylld vesikel

Ex: The acidic environment within lysosomes aids in the optimal functioning of their digestive enzymes. 

Den sura miljön inuti lysosomer bidrar till deras matsmältningsenzymer optimala funktion.

Stäng
Logga in
mitochondrion
mitochondrion
[Substantiv]

an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production

mitokondrie, energiproducerande organell

mitokondrie, energiproducerande organell

Ex: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, producing energy through aerobic respiration. 

Mitokondrier är kända som cellens kraftverk, som producerar energi genom aerob andning.

Stäng
Logga in
chromosome
chromosome
[Substantiv]

(genetics) a thread-like structure of DNA that carries genes inside the cell nucleus

kromosom

kromosom

Ex: An extra chromosome 21 causes Down syndrome. 
Stäng
Logga in
chloroplast
chloroplast
[Substantiv]

a plant cell organelle that uses sunlight to produce energy and make glucose through photosynthesis

kloroplast, fotosyntetiskt organell

kloroplast, fotosyntetiskt organell

Ex: Chloroplasts play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. 

Kloroplaster spelar en avgörande roll för att upprätthålla balansen mellan syre och koldioxid i atmosfären.

Stäng
Logga in
cytoplasm
cytoplasm
[Substantiv]

the gel-like, semifluid substance within a cell that surrounds the organelles, providing a medium for cellular activities, including metabolism, transport of substances, and support for cellular structures

cytoplasma, cytoplasmatisk substans

cytoplasma, cytoplasmatisk substans

Ex: Cellular respiration, a vital energy-producing process, occurs in the cytoplasm. 

Cellulär andning, en vital energiproducerande process, sker i cytoplasman.

Stäng
Logga in
cytoplast
cytoplast
[Substantiv]

a cell that has had its nucleus removed or the cellular material excluding the nucleus

cytoplast, cell utan kärna

cytoplast, cell utan kärna

Ex: Genetic engineers are working on optimizing the cytoplasts to improve the efficiency of cloning procedures. 

Genetiska ingenjörer arbetar med att optimera cytoplasterna för att förbättra effektiviteten hos kloningsprocedurer.

Stäng
Logga in
cytoskeleton
cytoskeleton
[Substantiv]

a network of protein fibers in a cell that gives it shape, supports its structure, and aids in movement

cytoskelett, cellskelett

cytoskelett, cellskelett

Ex: During cell migration, the cytoskeleton helps cells move and change shape by extending protrusions. 

Under cellmigration hjälper cytoskelettet celler att röra sig och ändra form genom att sträcka ut utskott.

Stäng
Logga in
nucleotide
nucleotide
[Substantiv]

a molecule that forms the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

nukleotid

nukleotid

Ex: The energy currency of cells, ATP, is a nucleotide with three phosphate groups. 

Cellernas energivaluta, ATP, är en nukleotid med tre fosfatgrupper.

Stäng
Logga in
genome
genome
[Substantiv]

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

genom

genom

Ex: The genome of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has been extensively studied as a model for understanding genetic principles. 

Genomet av bananflugan, Drosophila melanogaster, har studerats i stor utsträckning som en modell för att förstå genetiska principer.

Stäng
Logga in
polypeptide
polypeptide
[Substantiv]

a linear chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, forming a primary structure of a protein

polypeptid, polypeptidkedja

polypeptid, polypeptidkedja

Ex: Enzymes, crucial for catalyzing biochemical reactions, are often composed of polypeptide chains. 

Enzymer, som är avgörande för att katalysera biokemiska reaktioner, består ofta av polypeptid kedjor.

Stäng
Logga in
organelle
organelle
[Substantiv]

a specialized, membrane-bound structure within a cell that performs specific functions, contributing to the cell's overall structure and function

organell, cellorganell

organell, cellorganell

Ex: The plasma membrane, though not always called an organelle, is a vital cellular boundary. 

Plasmamembranet, även om det inte alltid kallas organell, är en vital cellulär gräns.

Stäng
Logga in
vacuole
vacuole
[Substantiv]

a cell organelle in plants, fungi, and some protists that stores nutrients, manages waste, and helps maintain cell pressure

vakuol, vesikel

vakuol, vesikel

Ex: In some plant tissues, vacuoles store toxic substances to deter herbivores. 

I vissa vävnader hos växter lagrar vakuoler giftiga ämnen för att avskräcka herbivorer.

Stäng
Logga in
centriole
centriole
[Substantiv]

a pair of small cylinders near the nucleus in animal cells, organizing cell division by forming the mitotic spindle

centriol, centriolpar

centriol, centriolpar

Ex: The absence of centrioles in plant cells is a notable distinction from animal cells. 

Avsaknaden av centrioler i växtceller är en anmärkningsvärd skillnad från djurceller.

Stäng
Logga in
telomere
telomere
[Substantiv]

a repetitive DNA sequence at the end of a linear chromosome, protecting it from deterioration during replication, and playing a role in cellular aging and cancer development

telomer, kromosomända

telomer, kromosomända

Ex: The study of telomeres has implications for understanding the aging process and developing potential therapies for age-related diseases. 

Studiet av telomerer har implikationer för att förstå åldrandeprocessen och utveckla potentiella terapier för ålderrelaterade sjukdomar.

Stäng
Logga in
histone
histone
[Substantiv]

a type of protein that plays a structural role in the packaging of DNA into nucleosomes, fundamental units of chromatin

histon, histonprotein

histon, histonprotein

Ex: The modification of histones can influence gene expression by regulating DNA accessibility. 

Modifiering av histoner kan påverka genuttryck genom att reglera DNA-tillgänglighet.

Stäng
Logga in
phenotype
phenotype
[Substantiv]

the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment

fenotyp, observerbara egenskaper

fenotyp, observerbara egenskaper

Ex: The coat color, size, and behavior of animals represent their phenotypes. 

Djurens pälsfärg, storlek och beteende representerar deras fenotyper.

Stäng
Logga in
homeostasis
homeostasis
[Substantiv]

the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes

homeostas, inre balans

homeostas, inre balans

Ex: When you feel thirsty and drink water, it helps restore the body's water balance, maintaining homeostasis. 

När du känner dig törstig och dricker vatten hjälper det att återställa kroppens vattenbalans och upprätthålla homeostas.

Stäng
Logga in
translation
translation
[Substantiv]

the process in which the information encoded in messenger RNA directs the synthesis of a protein

translation,  proteinsyntes

translation, proteinsyntes

Ex: The researchers studied how the mutation affected protein translation. 
Stäng
Logga in
transcription
transcription
[Substantiv]

the process by which a segment of DNA is used as a template to synthesize a complementary RNA molecule

transkription, transkriptionsprocessen

transkription, transkriptionsprocessen

Ex: The termination signal on the DNA marks the end of transcription, and the RNA strand is released. 

Terminationssignalen på DNA:t markerar slutet av transkriptionen, och RNA-strängen frigörs.

Stäng
Logga in
replication
replication
[Substantiv]

the process by which an organism duplicates its genetic material, particularly the copying of DNA in cell division

replikation

replikation

Ex: Each daughter DNA molecule produced during replication consists of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand. 

Varje dotter-DNA-molekyl som produceras under replikation består av en ursprunglig sträng och en nysyntetiserad sträng.

Stäng
Logga in
heterozygote
heterozygote
[Substantiv]

an individual organism or cell with two different alleles at a specific gene locus, having inherited different genetic information from each parent

heterozygot, heterozygot individ

heterozygot, heterozygot individ

Ex: Individuals with one allele for attached earlobes and one for free-hanging earlobes are heterozygotes for the earlobe trait. 

Individer med en allel för fastsittande öronlobbar och en för frihängande öronlobbar är heterozygoter för öronlobsegenskapen.

Stäng
Logga in
homozygote
homozygote
[Substantiv]

an individual organism or cell with two identical alleles at a specific gene locus, having inherited the same genetic information from both parents

homozygot, homozygot organism

homozygot, homozygot organism

Ex: Individuals with two alleles for the ability to taste a bitter substance are homozygotes for taste perception. 

Individer med två alleler för förmågan att smaka en bitter substans är homozygota för smakuppfattning.

Stäng
Logga in
codon
codon
[Substantiv]

a sequence of three adjacent nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis or serves as a start or stop signal in the translation process

kodon, kodonföljd

kodon, kodonföljd

Ex: The genetic code is degenerate, meaning that multiple codons can code for the same amino acid. 

Den genetiska koden är degenererad, vilket innebär att flera kodon kan koda för samma aminosyra.

Stäng
Logga in
symbiosis
symbiosis
[Substantiv]

a close and often long-term interaction between two different species living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both

symbios, symbiotisk relation

symbios, symbiotisk relation

Ex: The relationship between bees and flowering plants is an example of mutualistic symbiosis, with the bees pollinating the plants and obtaining nectar. 

Förhållandet mellan bin och blommande växter är ett exempel på mutualistisk symbios, där bin pollinerar växterna och får nektar.

Stäng
Logga in
ameba
ameba
[Substantiv]

a microscopic single-celled organism that changes shape and typically moves and feeds by extending pseudopodia

amöba,  amöba

amöba, amöba

Ex: Some amebas live freely in freshwater and soil. 
Stäng
Logga in
capsid
capsid
[Substantiv]

the protein coat of a virus that encases its genetic material and helps it attach to and enter host cells during infection

kapsiden, proteinhöljet

kapsiden, proteinhöljet

Ex: The disassembly of the capsid is a key step during the virus's entry into host cells. 

Demonteringen av kapsiden är ett avgörande steg under virusets inträde i värdcellerna.

Stäng
Logga in
chlorophyll
chlorophyll
[Substantiv]

a green pigment found in all green plants and cyanobacteria that is responsible for the absorption of the sunlight needed for the photosynthesis process

klorofyll, grönt pigment

klorofyll, grönt pigment

Ex: The study of chlorophyll and its variants contributes to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind photosynthesis. 

Studiet av klorofyll och dess varianter bidrar till vår förståelse av de molekylära mekanismerna bakom fotosyntesen.

Stäng
Logga in
eukaryote
eukaryote
[Substantiv]

a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms

eukaryot, eukaryotisk organism

eukaryot, eukaryotisk organism

Ex: Yeast, a type of fungus, is a eukaryotic microorganism used in baking and brewing. 

Jäst, en typ av svamp, är en eukaryot mikroorganism som används i bakning och bryggning.

Stäng
Logga in
fetus
fetus
[Substantiv]

an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception

foster, embryo

foster, embryo

Ex: The fetus had started to move by the end of the first trimester. 

Fostret hade börjat röra sig vid slutet av det första trimester.

Stäng
Logga in
ovum
ovum
[Substantiv]

a mature, female reproductive cell or egg, typically larger than a sperm cell, capable of fusing with a sperm cell during fertilization to form a zygote

äggcell, ägg

äggcell, ägg

Ex: During ovulation, a mature ovum is released from the ovary and travels down the fallopian tube. 

Under ägglossning frigörs en mogen äggcell från äggstocken och färdas nedåt äggledaren.

Stäng
Logga in
pepsin
pepsin
[Substantiv]

an enzyme produced in the stomach that helps in the digestion of proteins by breaking them down into smaller peptides

pepsin, proteinsönderdelande enzym

pepsin, proteinsönderdelande enzym

Ex: Pepsin plays a crucial role in the digestion of dietary proteins, aiding in their breakdown for absorption. 

Pepsin spelar en avgörande roll i matsmältningen av dietproteiner, vilket hjälper till att bryta ner dem för absorption.

Stäng
Logga in
adenosine triphosphate

a molecule that carries energy within cells, composed of adenine, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups

adenosintrifosfat, trifosfat av adenosin

adenosintrifosfat, trifosfat av adenosin

Ex: Adenosine triphosphate is involved in the synthesis of molecules, like proteins and nucleic acids, in cellular processes. 

Adenosintrifosfat är inblandat i syntesen av molekyler, som proteiner och nukleinsyror, i cellulära processer.

Stäng
Logga in
prokaryote
prokaryote
[Substantiv]

a simple, single-celled organism that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria and archaea

prokaryot, prokaryotisk organism

prokaryot, prokaryotisk organism

Ex: Prokaryotic cells have a simpler structure with a nucleoid region containing the genetic material. 

Prokaryota celler har en enklare struktur med en nukleoidregion som innehåller det genetiska materialet.

Stäng
Logga in
LanGeek
Ladda ner LanGeek app