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الأكاديمي IELTS (النطاق 8 وما فوق) - مادة الاحياء
هنا، سوف تتعلم بعض الكلمات الإنجليزية المتعلقة بعلم الأحياء والضرورية لامتحان IELTS الأكاديمي.
مراجعة
بطاقات الفلاش
الهجاء
اختبار قصير
a tiny structure within cells that assembles proteins by reading the genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA
الريبوسوم
a cellular organelle involved in the processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids within the cell, consisting of a stack of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae
جهاز جولجي
a small, enzyme-filled sac in a cell that breaks down waste materials and unwanted substances
الايسوسوم
an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production
الميتوكوندريا
a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information
كروموسوم
a plant cell organelle that uses sunlight to produce energy and make glucose through photosynthesis
البلاستيدات الخضراء
the gel-like, semifluid substance within a cell that surrounds the organelles, providing a medium for cellular activities, including metabolism, transport of substances, and support for cellular structures
حشوة
a cell that has had its nucleus removed or the cellular material excluding the nucleus
السيتوبلاست
a network of protein fibers in a cell that gives it shape, supports its structure, and aids in movement
الهيكل الخلوي
a molecule that forms the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
النوكليوتيدات
a linear chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, forming a primary structure of a protein
سلسلة من الأحماض الأمينية مرتبطة ببعضها البعض
a specialized, membrane-bound structure within a cell that performs specific functions, contributing to the cell's overall structure and function
عضية
a cell organelle in plants, fungi, and some protists that stores nutrients, manages waste, and helps maintain cell pressure
تجويف في الخلية
a pair of small cylinders near the nucleus in animal cells, organizing cell division by forming the mitotic spindle
مركزي
a repetitive DNA sequence at the end of a linear chromosome, protecting it from deterioration during replication, and playing a role in cellular aging and cancer development
التيلومير
a type of protein that plays a structural role in the packaging of DNA into nucleosomes, fundamental units of chromatin
هيستون
the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment
النمط الظاهري
the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes
التوازن
the process by which the information encoded in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is converted into a functional product, typically a protein
ترجمة (علم الأحياء)
the process by which a segment of DNA is used as a template to synthesize a complementary RNA molecule
النسخ (علم الأحياء)
the process by which an organism duplicates its genetic material, particularly the copying of DNA in cell division
تكرار الحمض النووي
an individual organism or cell with two different alleles at a specific gene locus, having inherited different genetic information from each parent
متغاير الزيجوت
an individual organism or cell with two identical alleles at a specific gene locus, having inherited the same genetic information from both parents
متماثل الزيجوت
a sequence of three adjacent nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis or serves as a start or stop signal in the translation process
الكود الجيني
a close and often long-term interaction between two different species living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both
تكافل في علم الاحياء
a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape
كائن وحيد الخلية يتواجد في الماء والتربة
the protein coat of a virus that encases its genetic material and helps it attach to and enter host cells during infection
قفيصة
a green pigment found in all green plants and cyanobacteria that is responsible for the absorption of the sunlight needed for the photosynthesis process
الكلوروفيل
a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms
حقيقيات النوى
an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception
جنين
a mature, female reproductive cell or egg, typically larger than a sperm cell, capable of fusing with a sperm cell during fertilization to form a zygote
بيضة الانثى
an enzyme produced in the stomach that helps in the digestion of proteins by breaking them down into smaller peptides
البيبسين
a molecule that carries energy within cells, composed of adenine, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups
أدينوسين ثلاثي الفوسفات
a simple, single-celled organism that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria and archaea
بدائيات النوى
