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Lista Słówek Poziomu C2 - Politics

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
absolutism
absolutism
[Rzeczownik]

the principle or system of unlimited and unchecked governmental power

absolutyzm, despotyzm

absolutyzm, despotyzm

Ex: The monarch ruled under the doctrine of political absolutism. 
populism
populism
[Rzeczownik]

a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

populizm, demagogia

populizm, demagogia

Ex: Populism in politics refers to a movement or approach that seeks to represent the interests and voices of ordinary people, often positioning itself against established elites or institutions. 
totalitarianism
totalitarianism
[Rzeczownik]

the doctrine of absolute governmental power

totalitaryzm, doktryna absolutnej władzy rządowej

totalitaryzm, doktryna absolutnej władzy rządowej

Ex: The political party embraced totalitarianism as the guiding principle of its rule. 
psephology
psephology
[Rzeczownik]

the scientific study of elections, including the analysis of voting patterns, behavior, and electoral systems, to understand and predict political outcomes

psefologia, naukowe badanie wyborów

psefologia, naukowe badanie wyborów

Ex: Psephology played a crucial role in predicting the election results by analyzing historical voting patterns and demographics. 
agitprop
agitprop
[Rzeczownik]

the political propaganda, especially in the form of art, literature, or media, used to promote a particular ideology, cause, or political agenda

agitprop, propaganda polityczna

agitprop, propaganda polityczna

Ex: During the election season, both political parties engaged in agitprop, utilizing advertisements and media campaigns to sway public opinion. 
constitutionalism
constitutionalism
[Rzeczownik]

the advocacy or support of government according to constitutional principles

konstytucjonalizm, obrona zasad konstytucyjnych

konstytucjonalizm, obrona zasad konstytucyjnych

Ex: The lawyer championed constitutionalism as a safeguard against arbitrary rule. 
geopolitics
geopolitics
[Rzeczownik]

the study of how geography influences global political and economic interactions

geopolityka

geopolityka

Ex: Geopolitics played a significant role in the strategic decisions of nations during the Cold War, with considerations of territorial proximity and resources influencing alliances. 
power politics
power politics
[Rzeczownik]

the use of political, economic, or military power to achieve and maintain influence and control on the global or national stage

polityka siły, polityka władzy

polityka siły, polityka władzy

Ex: The history of international relations is marked by instances of power politics, where nations strategically pursued their interests through diplomatic and military means. 
fanaticism
fanaticism
[Rzeczownik]

the extreme political or religious beliefs often accompanied by intolerance for different views

fanatyzm, religijna nietolerancja

fanatyzm, religijna nietolerancja

Ex: The novel explored the dangers of religious fanaticism and its impact on society. 
militarism
militarism
[Rzeczownik]

the belief that a country must have a strong military force in order to seem more powerful

militaryzm

militaryzm

Ex: Militarism is a political and social ideology that emphasizes the importance of military power and the maintenance of a strong, aggressive defense force. 
statism
statism
[Rzeczownik]

the belief in or practice of giving a central government significant control over social and economic affairs

etatyzm, interwencjonizm państwowy

etatyzm, interwencjonizm państwowy

Ex: Statism is a political system or ideology that emphasizes the role of the state in controlling economic and social policy, often advocating for significant government intervention in various aspects of life. 
unilateralism
unilateralism
[Rzeczownik]

the practice or principle of a nation or party taking actions, making decisions, or forming alliances without seeking or considering the approval, consensus, or cooperation of others

unilateralizm, działanie jednostronne

unilateralizm, działanie jednostronne

Ex: The president's decision to withdraw from the international treaty was an example of unilateralism, as it was done without consulting or seeking approval from allied nations. 
incumbent
incumbent
[Rzeczownik]

the current holder of a particular office or position, especially in politics

obecny posiadacz, urzędujący

obecny posiadacz, urzędujący

Ex: The incumbent faced strong competition in the upcoming election. 
sedition
sedition
[Rzeczownik]

the act of rebellion or resistance against established authority, typically through speech or conduct

bunt, rewolta

bunt, rewolta

Ex: The revolutionary pamphlet was charged with sedition, as it called for citizens to overthrow the government. 
skirmish
skirmish
[Rzeczownik]

a short, political argument, particularly between rivals

potyczka,  utarczka

potyczka, utarczka

Ex: The soldiers engaged in a brief skirmish with enemy forces before retreating to regroup. 
suffrage
suffrage
[Rzeczownik]

the right or privilege of casting a vote in public elections

prawo wyborcze, prawo głosu

prawo wyborcze, prawo głosu

Ex: Some countries still restrict suffrage based on gender, age, or socio-economic status. 
polity
polity
[Rzeczownik]

the specific form or system of government of a society or institution

polity, system rządów

polity, system rządów

Ex: The church adopted a new polity emphasizing local autonomy. 
to promulgate
to promulgate
[Czasownik]

to formally put a law or regulation into effect through official proclamation

ogłosić, wprowadzić w życie

ogłosić, wprowadzić w życie

Ex: The government promulgated new tax laws effective January 1st. 
spin doctor
spin doctor
[Rzeczownik]

a person or group of people who are often employed by politicians, public figures, or the government in order to shape the public opinion in their favor

spec od wizerunku, człowiek od propagandy

spec od wizerunku, człowiek od propagandy

Ex: The minister hired a spin doctor to make the scandal look less serious. 
oligarchy
oligarchy
[Rzeczownik]

a political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization

oligarchia, rządy małej grupy

oligarchia, rządy małej grupy

Ex: An oligarchy is a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of individuals or families. 
caucus
caucus
[Rzeczownik]

a party meeting to discuss policy or select candidates

kaukus, spotkanie partyjne

kaukus, spotkanie partyjne

Ex: The Democratic caucus met to discuss their strategy for the upcoming election. 
bipartisan
bipartisan
[przymiotnik]

involving the cooperation or agreement of two political parties, especially those usually opposed to each other, to achieve a common goal or outcome

dwupartyjny, bipartisan

dwupartyjny, bipartisan

Ex: The bipartisan committee worked together to draft legislation addressing the economic challenges facing the country. 
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