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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Akademicki - Test 3 - Słuchanie - Część 4 (2)

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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic
biodegradable
biodegradable
[przymiotnik]

(of an object) able to be broken down by living organisms such as bacteria, which is then safe for the environment

biodegradowalny

biodegradowalny

Ex: Biodegradable food waste can be composted and turned into nutrient-rich soil. 
conventional
conventional
[przymiotnik]

generally accepted and followed by many people

konwencjonalny, tradycyjny

konwencjonalny, tradycyjny

Ex: In many cultures, it is conventional for brides to wear white dresses on their wedding day. 
to ingest
to ingest
[Czasownik]

to take food, drink, or another substance into the body by swallowing or absorbing it

połykać, wchłaniać

połykać, wchłaniać

Ex: Animals often ingest various plants and herbs as part of their diet in the wild. 
to [lose] weight

to reduce one's body mass or overall body weight

Ex: She decided to adopt a healthier diet and exercise routine to lose weight. 
rapidly
rapidly
[przysłówek]

in a way that is very quick and often unexpected

szybko, błyskawicznie

szybko, błyskawicznie

Ex: The river flowed rapidly after heavy rainfall. 
seed
seed
[Rzeczownik]

a small living part of a plant that when put in the ground, grows into a new one

nasiono, ziarno

nasiono, ziarno

Ex: The gardener carefully planted seeds in the fertile soil, eager to watch them grow into vibrant flowers. 
to germinate
to germinate
[Czasownik]

to start to grow, producing buds or branches

kiełkować, wschodzić

kiełkować, wschodzić

Ex: After a few days in the moist soil, the seeds began to germinate. 
to conclude
to conclude
[Czasownik]

to draw a logical inference or outcome based on established premises or evidence

wnioskować,  wyciągać wnioski

wnioskować, wyciągać wnioski

Ex: From the patterns observed in the data, researchers concluded that more training would enhance employee performance. 
unable
unable
[przymiotnik]

being incapable of or lacking the skill, means, etc. necessary for doing something

niezdolny, nie mogący

niezdolny, nie mogący

Ex: She was unable to attend the meeting due to a scheduling conflict. 
role
role
[Rzeczownik]

what something is used for

rola, funkcja

rola, funkcja

to attribute
to attribute
[Czasownik]

to think or say that something is caused by a certain thing

przypisywać, uważać za przyczynę

przypisywać, uważać za przyczynę

Ex: Scientists attribute climate change to human activity. 
mainly
mainly
[przysłówek]

more than any other thing

głównie, przede wszystkim

głównie, przede wszystkim

Ex: The event was mainly attended by professionals from the tech industry. 
conclusion
conclusion
[Rzeczownik]

a decision reached after thoroughly considering all relevant information

wniosek, decyzja

wniosek, decyzja

Ex: After reviewing all the evidence, the jury reached a conclusion. 
to make for
to make for
[Czasownik]

to lead to a particular outcome or situation

prowadzić do, skutkować

prowadzić do, skutkować

Ex: A lack of trust makes for a shaky foundation in any relationship. 
reference
reference
[Rzeczownik]

a work containing useful information on a particular subject, often consulted for guidance or clarification

odniesienie, dzieło odniesienia

odniesienie, dzieło odniesienia

Ex: Please check the reference for additional information. 
session
session
[Rzeczownik]

a scheduled period of teaching, instruction, or learning activities conducted within a defined timeframe

sesja, lekcja

sesja, lekcja

Ex: The morning session consisted of three classes, including mathematics, science, and English. 
to summarize
to summarize
[Czasownik]

to give a short and simplified version that covers the main points of something

podsumować, streszczać

podsumować, streszczać

Ex: After reading the lengthy report, she asked her colleague to summarize the main findings for her. 
to propose
to propose
[Czasownik]

to put forward a suggestion, plan, or idea for consideration

proponować, sugerować

proponować, sugerować

Ex: He proposed a new strategy for increasing productivity during the team meeting, outlining specific steps for implementation. 
to regard
to regard
[Czasownik]

to think about someone or something in a specified way

uważać, cenić

uważać, cenić

Ex: She regards her colleagues as valuable contributors to the team. 
process
process
[Rzeczownik]

a natural extension or projection from a part of an animal or plant organism

wyrostek, proces

wyrostek, proces

Ex: The spinal process provides attachment for muscles. 
implication
implication
[Rzeczownik]

a possible consequence that something can bring about

implikacja,  konsekwencja

implikacja, konsekwencja

Ex: His decision to cut costs has serious implications for employee morale. 
dependent on
dependent on
[przymiotnik]

being determined by conditions or circumstances that follow

zależny od,  podlegający

zależny od, podlegający

to decay
to decay
[Czasownik]

to be gradually damaged or destroyed as a result of natural processes

gnić, rozkładać się

gnić, rozkładać się

Ex: Wood can decay if left untreated and exposed to moisture. 
to pass through
to pass through
[Czasownik]

to go or move from one place to another, often without stopping or staying for long

przechodzić przez, przejeżdżać przez

przechodzić przez, przejeżdżać przez

Ex: On our road trip, we passed through several small towns. 
impoverished
impoverished
[przymiotnik]

having a limited number of species or individuals within a particular ecosystem or population

zubożały, zmniejszony

zubożały, zmniejszony

Ex: Pollution in the river resulted in an impoverished aquatic ecosystem, causing a decline in the number and variety of fish and other aquatic organisms. 
presence
presence
[Rzeczownik]

the state of being present; current existence

obecność, obecne istnienie

obecność, obecne istnienie

ecosystem
ecosystem
[Rzeczownik]

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

ekosystem, system ekologiczny

ekosystem, system ekologiczny

Ex: Coral reefs are diverse ecosystems that support a wide range of marine life. 
fiber
fiber
[Rzeczownik]

a thin thread or strand, especially one that is used to make fabric or rope

włókno, nić

włókno, nić

Ex: The fiber of the cotton plant is spun into thread to make soft, breathable fabrics. 
washing
washing
[Rzeczownik]

the act of cleaning oneself, clothes, or other items using water and soap or other cleaning substances

pranie, mycie

pranie, mycie

Ex: She finished the washing before breakfast. 
breakdown
breakdown
[Rzeczownik]

the process by which organic matter is decomposed, often by bacterial, fungal, or enzymatic action

rozkład, dekompozycja

rozkład, dekompozycja

Ex: The breakdown of leaf litter by fungi returns nutrients to the soil each autumn. 
industry
industry
[Rzeczownik]

the manufacture of goods using raw materials, particularly in factories

przemysł

przemysł

Ex: The automotive industry is a major contributor to the national economy. 
injury
injury
[Rzeczownik]

any physical damage to a part of the body caused by an accident or attack

uraz, uszkodzenie

uraz, uszkodzenie

Ex: After the attack, she had a serious head injury. 
food chain
food chain
[Rzeczownik]

a system in nature where animals and plants depend on each other for food

łańcuch pokarmowy, sieć troficzna

łańcuch pokarmowy, sieć troficzna

Ex: The lion is at the top of the food chain in the savannah. 
banned
banned
[przymiotnik]

prohibited or not allowed by law, rule, or authority

zakazany,  zabroniony

zakazany, zabroniony

to carry out
to carry out
[Czasownik]

to complete or conduct a task, job, etc.

przeprowadzać, wykonywać

przeprowadzać, wykonywać

Ex: The research team will carry out experiments to test the hypothesis and gather data. 
digestive tract
digestive tract
[Rzeczownik]

tubular passage of mucous membrane and muscle extending about 8.3 meters from mouth to anus; functions in digestion and elimination

przewód pokarmowy, układ trawienny

przewód pokarmowy, układ trawienny

earthworm
earthworm
[Rzeczownik]

a terrestrial invertebrate of the annelid family that moves through the soil and feeds on organic matter

dżdżownica, robak ziemny

dżdżownica, robak ziemny

topsoil
topsoil
[Rzeczownik]

the layer of soil on the surface

wierzchnia warstwa gleby, gleba powierzchniowa

wierzchnia warstwa gleby, gleba powierzchniowa

essential
essential
[przymiotnik]

very necessary for a particular purpose or situation

istotny, niezbędny

istotny, niezbędny

Ex: Adequate nutrition is essential for overall health and well-being. 
component
component
[Rzeczownik]

a part that combines with others to form a larger whole, often separable and functional within a system

składnik, element

składnik, element

Ex: The motherboard is a key component of a computer. 
nutrient
nutrient
[Rzeczownik]

a chemical element or inorganic compound that green plants absorb and incorporate into their organic molecules to support growth and metabolism

składnik odżywczy, substancja odżywcza

składnik odżywczy, substancja odżywcza

Ex: In hydroponic systems, growers routinely adjust the nutrient solution's nitrogen and potassium levels to maximize lettuce production. 
thereby
thereby
[przysłówek]

used to indicate how something is achieved or the result of an action

tym samym, w związku z tym

tym samym, w związku z tym

Ex: She followed a healthy diet, thereby improving her overall well-being. 
fertile
fertile
[przymiotnik]

(of land or soil) able to produce crops or plants well

żyzny

żyzny

Ex: The fertile soil in the valley yielded abundant harvests of wheat and corn each year. 
to set out
to set out
[Czasownik]

to begin doing something in order to reach a goal

wyruszyć, zaczynać

wyruszyć, zaczynać

Ex: The research team set out to discover groundbreaking findings in their field. 
subsequent
subsequent
[przymiotnik]

occurring or coming after something else

następny, kolejny

następny, kolejny

Ex: The subsequent chapters of the book delve deeper into the protagonist's journey. 
ingestion
ingestion
[Rzeczownik]

the process of taking food into the body through the mouth (as by eating)

spożycie, konsumpcja

spożycie, konsumpcja

growth
growth
[Rzeczownik]

vegetation that has grown

wzrost,  roślinność

wzrost, roślinność

to place
to place
[Czasownik]

to put or cause someone to be in a particular position or location, especially for a specific purpose or function

umieścić

umieścić

Ex: The manager placed the new employees on probation until they completed their training. 
perennial
perennial
[przymiotnik]

(of plants) lasting for several years, often returning and flowering repeatedly during its life cycle

wieloletni, trwały

wieloletni, trwały

Ex: The gardener chose perennial flowers to ensure vibrant blooms each spring. 
rye grass
rye grass
[Rzeczownik]

any of several annual or perennial Eurasian grasses

życica, rajgras

życica, rajgras

polylactic acid
polylactic acid
[Rzeczownik]

a plastic made from natural plants like corn or sugar, often used for bottles, containers, or 3D printing because it is light, safe, and breaks down faster than regular plastic

kwas polimlekowy, PLA

kwas polimlekowy, PLA

Ex: This bottle is made from polylactic acid. 
high-density polyethylene

a strong, durable plastic often used for making containers, bottles, and pipes because it is resistant to chemicals and can withstand high temperatures

polietylen wysokiej gęstości, HDPE

polietylen wysokiej gęstości, HDPE

Ex: This milk jug is made from high-density polyethylene. 
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