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Basic Sciences - Molecules & Matter

Study terms related to atomic structure, subatomic particles, ions, chemical bonds, molecular properties, and states of matter.

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Words Related to Basic Sciences
covalent
covalent
[прилагательное]

(chemistry) describing a chemical bond formed by atoms sharing pairs of electrons

Ex: Water molecules are held together by covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen. 
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ion
ion
[существительное]

a particle with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of one or more electrons

ион

ион

Ex: Sodium ions (Na⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻) combine to form table salt. 
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ionic
ionic
[прилагательное]

(chemistry) relating to or involving ions, which are atoms or molecules with an electric charge

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liquid
liquid
[существительное]

the state of a substance that is without shape and can flow easily

жидкость

жидкость

Ex: The chemist poured the liquid into a beaker for analysis. 
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gas
gas
[существительное]

the state of a substance that is neither solid nor liquid

газ

газ

Ex: The gas in the balloon expanded as it was heated by the sun. 
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molecule
molecule
[существительное]

the smallest structure of a substance consisting of a group of atoms

молекула

молекула

Ex: Molecules are made up of two or more atoms bonded together. 
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molecular
molecular
[прилагательное]

consisting of or relating to molecules, which are groups of atoms bonded together

молекулярный

молекулярный

Ex: Molecular bonding determines the arrangement of atoms in a compound. 
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atomic
atomic
[прилагательное]

related to atoms, the smallest units of matter, including their structure, properties, and interactions

атомный

атомный

Ex: The atomic structure of an element includes its nucleus, composed of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. 
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atomic number
atomic number
[существительное]

(chemistry) the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines its place on the periodic table

Ex: Carbon has an atomic number of 6 because it contains six protons. 
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electron
electron
[существительное]

a small particle in an atom with negative charge

electron

electron

Ex: Electrons flow through wires to create electric current. 
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neutron
neutron
[существительное]

a small particle with no charge present in atoms

нейтрон, нейтральная частица

нейтрон, нейтральная частица

Ex: Neutrons act as "glue" in the nucleus, preventing proton repulsion. 
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proton
proton
[существительное]

a small positively charged particle present in atoms

протон

протон

Ex: The number of protons in an atom defines its atomic number. 
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nucleus
nucleus
[существительное]

the dense, positively charged core of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons and containing most of the atom's mass

ядро, атомное ядро

ядро, атомное ядро

Ex: The nucleus contains nearly all the mass of an atom. 
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particle
particle
[существительное]

(physics) any of the smallest units that energy or matter consists of, such as electrons, atoms, molecules, etc.

частица

частица

Ex: Electrons are fundamental particles with a negative electric charge. 
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anion
anion
[существительное]

(chemistry) an ion that carries a negative electric charge

Ex: The anion moved toward the positive electrode during electrolysis. 
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cation
cation
[существительное]

(chemistry) an ion that carries a positive electric charge

Ex: The cation moved toward the negative electrode during electrolysis. 
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bond
bond
[существительное]

a link that holds atoms or ions together in any molecule or crystal

связь

связь

Ex: The covalent bond between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms forms a water molecule. 
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solid
solid
[существительное]

a substance that is firm and has a certain shape, not like gas or liquid

твердое вещество

твердое вещество

Ex: Ice is a solid that maintains its shape until it melts. 
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suspension
suspension
[существительное]

(chemistry) a mixture where tiny solid particles float throughout a liquid or gas

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atomic mass
atomic mass
[существительное]

the weighted average mass of an atom of an element, taking into account the masses of all its naturally occurring isotopes

атомная масса, атомный вес

атомная масса, атомный вес

Ex: The atomic mass of carbon is approximately 12.01 because it averages the masses of carbon-12 and carbon-13 isotopes. 
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mass number
mass number
[существительное]

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

массовое число, число нуклонов

массовое число, число нуклонов

Ex: The mass number of carbon-12 is 12, as it has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. 
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metallic bond
metallic bond
[существительное]

(chemistry) a bond where electrons move freely among many metal atoms, allowing electrical conduction

Ex: The metallic bond in copper allows electricity to flow through wires easily. 
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hydrogen bond
hydrogen bond
[существительное]

(chemistry) a weak attraction between a hydrogen atom in one molecule and an electronegative atom like oxygen or nitrogen in another

Ex: Hydrogen bonds between water molecules give water its surface tension. 
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