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Basic Sciences - Molecules & Matter

Study terms related to atomic structure, subatomic particles, ions, chemical bonds, molecular properties, and states of matter.

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Words Related to Basic Sciences
covalent
covalent
[Přídavné jméno]

(chemistry) describing a chemical bond formed by atoms sharing pairs of electrons

Ex: Water molecules are held together by covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen. 
ion
ion
[Podstatné jméno]

a particle with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of one or more electrons

ion, nabitá částice

ion, nabitá částice

Ex: Sodium ions (Na⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻) combine to form table salt. 
ionic
ionic
[Přídavné jméno]

(chemistry) relating to or involving ions, which are atoms or molecules with an electric charge

liquid
liquid
[Podstatné jméno]

the state of a substance that is without shape and can flow easily

kapalina, tekutina

kapalina, tekutina

Ex: The chemist poured the liquid into a beaker for analysis. 
gas
gas
[Podstatné jméno]

the state of a substance that is neither solid nor liquid

plyn

plyn

Ex: The gas in the balloon expanded as it was heated by the sun. 
molecule
molecule
[Podstatné jméno]

the smallest structure of a substance consisting of a group of atoms

molekula

molekula

Ex: Molecules are made up of two or more atoms bonded together. 
molecular
molecular
[Přídavné jméno]

consisting of or relating to molecules, which are groups of atoms bonded together

molekulární, vztahující se k molekulám

molekulární, vztahující se k molekulám

Ex: Molecular bonding determines the arrangement of atoms in a compound. 
atomic
atomic
[Přídavné jméno]

related to atoms, the smallest units of matter, including their structure, properties, and interactions

atomový

atomový

Ex: The atomic structure of an element includes its nucleus, composed of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. 
atomic number
atomic number
[Podstatné jméno]

(chemistry) the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines its place on the periodic table

Ex: Carbon has an atomic number of 6 because it contains six protons. 
electron
electron
[Podstatné jméno]

a small particle in an atom with negative charge

elektron, malá částice v atomu se záporným nábojem

elektron, malá částice v atomu se záporným nábojem

Ex: Electrons flow through wires to create electric current. 
neutron
neutron
[Podstatné jméno]

a small particle with no charge present in atoms

neutron, neutrální částice

neutron, neutrální částice

Ex: Neutrons act as "glue" in the nucleus, preventing proton repulsion. 
proton
proton
[Podstatné jméno]

a small positively charged particle present in atoms

proton

proton

Ex: The number of protons in an atom defines its atomic number. 
nucleus
nucleus
[Podstatné jméno]

the dense, positively charged core of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons and containing most of the atom's mass

jádro, atomové jádro

jádro, atomové jádro

Ex: The nucleus contains nearly all the mass of an atom. 
particle
particle
[Podstatné jméno]

(physics) any of the smallest units that energy or matter consists of, such as electrons, atoms, molecules, etc.

částice

částice

Ex: Electrons are fundamental particles with a negative electric charge. 
anion
anion
[Podstatné jméno]

(chemistry) an ion that carries a negative electric charge

Ex: The anion moved toward the positive electrode during electrolysis. 
cation
cation
[Podstatné jméno]

(chemistry) an ion that carries a positive electric charge

Ex: The cation moved toward the negative electrode during electrolysis. 
bond
bond
[Podstatné jméno]

a link that holds atoms or ions together in any molecule or crystal

vazba, spojení

vazba, spojení

Ex: The covalent bond between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms forms a water molecule. 
solid
solid
[Podstatné jméno]

a substance that is firm and has a certain shape, not like gas or liquid

pevná látka, tuhé těleso

pevná látka, tuhé těleso

Ex: Ice is a solid that maintains its shape until it melts. 
suspension
suspension
[Podstatné jméno]

(chemistry) a mixture where tiny solid particles float throughout a liquid or gas

atomic mass
atomic mass
[Podstatné jméno]

the weighted average mass of an atom of an element, taking into account the masses of all its naturally occurring isotopes

atomová hmotnost, atomová váha

atomová hmotnost, atomová váha

Ex: The atomic mass of carbon is approximately 12.01 because it averages the masses of carbon-12 and carbon-13 isotopes. 
mass number
mass number
[Podstatné jméno]

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

hmotnostní číslo, nukleonové číslo

hmotnostní číslo, nukleonové číslo

Ex: The mass number of carbon-12 is 12, as it has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. 
metallic bond
metallic bond
[Podstatné jméno]

(chemistry) a bond where electrons move freely among many metal atoms, allowing electrical conduction

Ex: The metallic bond in copper allows electricity to flow through wires easily. 
hydrogen bond
hydrogen bond
[Podstatné jméno]

(chemistry) a weak attraction between a hydrogen atom in one molecule and an electronegative atom like oxygen or nitrogen in another

Ex: Hydrogen bonds between water molecules give water its surface tension. 
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