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Basic Sciences - Chemical Elements

Study terms for chemical elements, the periodic table, and important elemental substances used in science and industry.

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periodic table
periodic table
[существительное]

a tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties

периодическая таблица, периодическая система элементов

периодическая таблица, периодическая система элементов

Ex: The periodic table, devised by Dmitri Mendeleev, categorizes elements into rows and columns based on their properties. 
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element
element
[существительное]

a substance that is composed of only one type of atom, typically characterized by specific physical and chemical properties

элемент

элемент

Ex: Oxygen is an essential element for human respiration. 
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nitrogen
nitrogen
[существительное]

one the most common elements in Earth's atmosphere

азот

азот

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oxygen
oxygen
[существительное]

a chemical element in gas form with no color that living things need for breathing

кислород

кислород

Ex: Trees release oxygen into the atmosphere as a byproduct of photosynthesis. 
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hydrogen
hydrogen
[существительное]

a clean and renewable fuel that can be used in fuel cells to generate electricity to power vehicles

водород, водородное топливо

водород, водородное топливо

Ex: Hydrogen fuel cells convert hydrogen into electricity to power electric vehicles. 
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carbon
carbon
[существительное]

a nonmetal element that can be found in all organic compounds and living things

углерод

углерод

Ex: Graphite, used in pencils, is another allotrope of carbon. 
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iron
iron
[существительное]

a metallic chemical element with a silvery-gray appearance, widely used for making tools, steel, buildings, and various industrial products

железо

железо

Ex: Iron is commonly used in construction to make buildings and bridges. 
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sodium
sodium
[существительное]

a chemical element, vital for fluid balance and nerve impulses, commonly found in table salt and processed foods

натрий, содий

натрий, содий

Ex: Table salt, or sodium chloride, is a common source of sodium in the diet. 
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calcium
calcium
[существительное]

a soft silver-white metal that is an important element in bones and teeth

кальций

кальций

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potassium
potassium
[существительное]

a chemical element that is crucial for fluid balance, nerve signals, and muscle contractions, commonly found in bananas, potatoes, and leafy greens

калий

калий

Ex: Bananas are a great source of potassium. 
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aluminum
aluminum
[существительное]

a light silver-gray metal used primarily for making cooking equipment and aircraft parts

алюминий

алюминий

Ex: The new set of aluminum cookware is both lightweight and highly resistant to corrosion, making it perfect for the kitchen. 
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magnesium
magnesium
[существительное]

a chemical element that is a shiny gray solid, crucial for muscle and nerve function, found in green leafy vegetables and nuts

магний

магний

Ex: Dark green leafy vegetables, nuts, and whole grains are rich sources of dietary magnesium. 
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helium
helium
[существительное]

a chemical element that is a colorless noble gas which is lighter than air

гелий

гелий

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lithium
lithium
[существительное]

a soft, silver-white metal element, characterized by its light weight and high reactivity, commonly used in rechargeable batteries

литий

литий

Ex: The chemist studied the properties of lithium in various chemical reactions. 
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neon
neon
[существительное]

(chemistry) a colorless, odorless, inert gas that glows red-orange when electrified and is found in tiny amounts in the air

Ex: Neon is used in glowing signs that light up city streets at night. 
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ozone
ozone
[существительное]

a type of gas present in the sky that protects the life on earth from the harmful rays of the sun

озон, озоновый слой

озон, озоновый слой

Ex: The ozone layer over Antarctica has been thinning due to pollution. 
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silicon
silicon
[существительное]

a tetravalent nonmetallic element; next to oxygen it is the most abundant element in the earth's crust; occurs in clay and feldspar and granite and quartz and sand; used as a semiconductor in transistors

кремний, Si

кремний, Si

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arsenic
arsenic
[существительное]

a poisonous chemical element with properties of both metals and nonmetals that is grey in color, used in industry or as a pesticide

мышьяк

мышьяк

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chlorine
chlorine
[существительное]

a chemical element that is a bluish-white gas, used for disinfecting water, maintaining pool hygiene, and as an active sanitizing agent in household cleaners

хлор, газообразный хлор

хлор, газообразный хлор

Ex: Chlorine is commonly used to disinfect drinking water. 
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copper
copper
[существительное]

a metallic chemical element that has a red-brown color, primarily used as a conductor in wiring

медь

медь

Ex: Copper is valued for its high electrical conductivity, which makes it ideal for wiring in electrical systems. 
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fluorine
fluorine
[существительное]

a nonmetallic univalent element belonging to the halogens; usually a yellow irritating toxic flammable gas; a powerful oxidizing agent; recovered from fluorite or cryolite or fluorapatite

фтор, флюорин

фтор, флюорин

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gold
gold
[существительное]

a valuable yellow-colored metal that is used for making jewelry

золото

золото

Ex: She wore a necklace adorned with a pendant made of gold. 
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iodine
iodine
[существительное]

a purple-black chemical element essential for thyroid hormone synthesis, crucial for metabolism and overall growth that can be found in the seawater

йод, элемент йод

йод, элемент йод

Ex: Table salt often contains iodine as a dietary supplement. 
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lead
lead
[существительное]

a heavy soft metal, used in making bullets, in plumbing and roofing, especially in the past

свинец

свинец

Ex: Historically, lead was commonly used in plumbing systems due to its malleability and corrosion resistance. 
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cobalt
cobalt
[существительное]

a chemical element with a shiny, silvery-blue appearance, often used in the production of batteries and other metals and

кобальт, химический элемент с блестящим

кобальт, химический элемент с блестящим

Ex: Artists employ cobalt pigments for vivid blue and green tones in paints. 
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radium
radium
[существительное]

(chemistry) a rare, silvery-white, radioactive metallic element in Group 2 of the periodic table that does not occur freely in nature

Ex: Radium was once used in luminous paints for watch dials and clocks. 
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silver
silver
[существительное]

a shiny grayish-white metal of high value that heat and electricity can move through it and is used in jewelry making, electronics, etc.

серебро

серебро

Ex: She wore a necklace adorned with a pendant made of silver. 
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sulfur
sulfur
[существительное]

an abundant tasteless odorless multivalent nonmetallic element; best known in yellow crystals; occurs in many sulphide and sulphate minerals and even in native form (especially in volcanic regions)

сера, сера

сера, сера

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nickel
nickel
[существительное]

a hard, silvery, malleable, and corrosion-resistant metallic element used in alloys and plating

никель

никель

Ex: The coin is made primarily of nickel and copper. 
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platinum
platinum
[существительное]

a valuable silver-gray heavy metal that is highly unreactive and ductile, used in jewelry making, medicine and a range of other industries

платина

платина

Ex: The scientist studied the properties of platinum in chemical reactions. 
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titanium
titanium
[существительное]

(chemistry) a strong, lightweight, silver-gray metal that resists corrosion and is used in aircraft and medical implants

Ex: Titanium is often mixed with other metals to make strong, lightweight alloys for airplanes. 
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uranium
uranium
[существительное]

a heavy radioactive metallic element used in producing nuclear energy

уран

уран

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zinc
zinc
[существительное]

a bluish-white metal essential for immune function and wound healing, also widely used in covering steel and preventing it from rusting and corroding

цинк, цинковый металл

цинк, цинковый металл

Ex: Efficient wound healing is linked to the presence of zinc in the body. 
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chromium
chromium
[существительное]

a chemical element that is a shiny metal used for protective coatings on surfaces like kitchen appliances and car parts

хром, хромий

хром, хромий

Ex: Car parts are coated with chromium to resist rust and stay looking new. 
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mercury
mercury
[существительное]

a dense, silvery, toxic metal that is liquid at room temperature and can form different chemical compounds

ртуть

ртуть

Ex: Mercury is used in some thermometers and barometers. 
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plutonium
plutonium
[существительное]

(chemistry) a silvery-gray, radioactive metal that is made in nuclear reactors and can be split to release energy

Ex: Plutonium is produced in nuclear reactors from uranium during fission reactions. 
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