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Науки ACT - Physics

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова, связанные с физикой, такие как «diffuse», «lepton», «nanoscale» и т. д., которые помогут вам улучшить свои знания ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
amplitude

(physics) the maximum distance a vibrating material, sound wave, etc. such as a pendulum travels from its first position

амплитуда

амплитуда

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acoustic

relating to the science of studying sounds or the way people hear things

акустический

акустический

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sonar

a technology that uses sound waves to detect objects underwater or measure distances underwater

сонар

сонар

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prism

a solid geometric shape, typically with a triangular base and rectangular sides, that refracts light into its component colors or alters the path of light

призма

призма

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ultraviolet

a type of electromagnetic radiation with shorter wavelengths than visible light, often associated with sunlight and used in various applications

ультрафиолет (сущ.)

ультрафиолет (сущ.)

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infrared

electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than visible light, used for applications such as thermal imaging and remote sensing

инфракрасный

инфракрасный

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fluorescence

the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation

флуоресценция

флуоресценция

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spectrometer

a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of light over a specific range of wavelengths

спектрометр

спектрометр

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molar absorptivity

a measure of how strongly a substance absorbs light at a particular wavelength

молярная абсорбция

молярная абсорбция

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photon

a fundamental particle of light that carries electromagnetic energy and exhibits both particle-like and wave-like properties

фотон

фотон

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to refract

(of physics) to change the direction of light, sound, or energy when it passes through something

преломлять

преломлять

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diffraction

the bending, spreading, and interference of waves as they encounter obstacles or pass through narrow openings, often observed in the behavior of light, sound, or other waves

дифракция

дифракция

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absorption spectrum

a range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation absorbed by a substance, typically represented as a graph showing absorption intensity versus wavelength

абсорбционный спектр

абсорбционный спектр

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transmittance

the fraction or percentage of light or electromagnetic radiation that passes through a substance or medium

пропускание

пропускание

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thermodynamics

the branch of physical science that deals with the relationships between heat, work, and energy, particularly the principles governing the conversion of various forms of energy

термодинамика

термодинамика

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thermostat

an instrument that automatically controls the temperature of a room, machine, etc.

термостат

термостат

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calorimeter

a device used to measure the heat released or absorbed during a chemical reaction or physical change, typically by measuring temperature changes in a surrounding medium

калориметр

калориметр

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thermometer

a piece of equipment that measures the temperature of the air

градусник

градусник

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microchip

a small piece of material that is a semiconductor, used to make an integrated circuit

микрочип

микрочип

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wavelength

the distance between a point on a wave of energy and a similar point on the next wave

длина волны

длина волны

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relativity

a theory that explains the relationship between motion, space, and time

относительность

относительность

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antimatter

(physics) matter consisting of elementary particles that are the antiparticles of those of regular matter

антивещество

антивещество

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congelation

the process of solidification or freezing, typically of a liquid or a substance turning into a solid state due to a decrease in temperature

конгеляция

конгеляция

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subatomic

relating to particles or forces that exist within atoms, including particles smaller than atoms themselves or the interactions between these particles

субатомный

субатомный

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neutrino

a very small, electrically neutral particle that rarely interacts with matter

нейтрино

нейтрино

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nanoscale

extremely small size, typically on the scale of nanometers, which is a billionth of a meter

наномасштабный

наномасштабный

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to solidify

to transform from a liquid or flexible state into a stable, firm, or compact form

затвердевать

затвердевать

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to liquefy

to change from a solid state and become fluid or liquid

разжижаться

разжижаться

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metrology

the scientific study of measurement, including the development of measurement standards and techniques

метрология

метрология

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biophysicist

a scientist who applies principles and methods of physics to study biological systems and phenomena, aiming to understand life processes at the molecular and cellular levels

биофизик

биофизик

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diffuse

describing light that spreads evenly from a broad source or surface, creating soft illumination without harsh shadows

Рассеянный

Рассеянный

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spent fuel

used nuclear fuel that is no longer efficient for producing energy in a reactor

отработанное топливо

отработанное топливо

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pressure gradient

the rate at which pressure changes over a certain distance in a particular direction

градиент давления

градиент давления

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wave number

the spatial frequency of a wave, representing the number of wavelengths per unit distance

число волны

число волны

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boson

a tiny particle with whole-number spin, such as photons or the Higgs boson, often associated with carrying fundamental forces or giving mass to other particles

бозон

бозон

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collider

a type of particle accelerator where two opposing beams of particles are directed to collide with each other at high speeds, allowing scientists to study fundamental particles and forces

коллайдер

коллайдер

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dipole

a simple type of antenna made of two metal rods, connected in the middle, that is half the wavelength of the signal it transmits or receives

диполь

диполь

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lepton

a fundamental particle with half-integer spin, including electrons and their heavier counterparts, as well as neutrinos

лептон

лептон

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