Науки ACT - Physics

(physics) the maximum distance a vibrating material, sound wave, etc. such as a pendulum travels from its first position

амплитуда

relating to the science of studying sounds or the way people hear things

акустический

a technology that uses sound waves to detect objects underwater or measure distances underwater

сонар

a solid geometric shape, typically with a triangular base and rectangular sides, that refracts light into its component colors or alters the path of light

призма

a type of electromagnetic radiation with shorter wavelengths than visible light, often associated with sunlight and used in various applications

ультрафиолет (сущ.), ультрафиолетовое излучение

electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than visible light, used for applications such as thermal imaging and remote sensing

инфракрасный

the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation

флуоресценция

a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of light over a specific range of wavelengths

спектрометр

a measure of how strongly a substance absorbs light at a particular wavelength

молярная абсорбция, молярная поглощаемость

a fundamental particle of light that carries electromagnetic energy and exhibits both particle-like and wave-like properties

фотон

(of physics) to change the direction of light, sound, or energy when it passes through something

преломлять

the bending, spreading, and interference of waves as they encounter obstacles or pass through narrow openings, often observed in the behavior of light, sound, or other waves

дифракция

a range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation absorbed by a substance, typically represented as a graph showing absorption intensity versus wavelength

абсорбционный спектр, спектр поглощения

the fraction or percentage of light or electromagnetic radiation that passes through a substance or medium

пропускание, коэффициент пропускания

the branch of physical science that deals with the relationships between heat, work, and energy, particularly the principles governing the conversion of various forms of energy

термодинамика

an instrument that automatically controls the temperature of a room, machine, etc.

термостат

a device used to measure the heat released or absorbed during a chemical reaction or physical change, typically by measuring temperature changes in a surrounding medium

калориметр

a piece of equipment that measures the temperature of the air

градусник

a small piece of material that is a semiconductor, used to make an integrated circuit

микрочип

the distance between a point on a wave of energy and a similar point on the next wave

длина волны

a theory that explains the relationship between motion, space, and time

относительность

(physics) matter consisting of elementary particles that are the antiparticles of those of regular matter

антивещество

the process of solidification or freezing, typically of a liquid or a substance turning into a solid state due to a decrease in temperature

конгеляция, затвердевание

relating to particles or forces that exist within atoms, including particles smaller than atoms themselves or the interactions between these particles

субатомный, податомный

a very small, electrically neutral particle that rarely interacts with matter

нейтрино

extremely small size, typically on the scale of nanometers, which is a billionth of a meter

наномасштабный, наноразмерный

to transform from a liquid or flexible state into a stable, firm, or compact form

затвердевать, кристаллизоваться

to change from a solid state and become fluid or liquid

разжижаться

the scientific study of measurement, including the development of measurement standards and techniques

метрология

a scientist who applies principles and methods of physics to study biological systems and phenomena, aiming to understand life processes at the molecular and cellular levels

биофизик, биофизика

describing light that spreads evenly from a broad source or surface, creating soft illumination without harsh shadows

Рассеянный, Дифузный

used nuclear fuel that is no longer efficient for producing energy in a reactor

отработанное топливо, использованное ядерное топливо

the rate at which pressure changes over a certain distance in a particular direction

градиент давления, изменение давления

the spatial frequency of a wave, representing the number of wavelengths per unit distance

число волны, волновое число

a tiny particle with whole-number spin, such as photons or the Higgs boson, often associated with carrying fundamental forces or giving mass to other particles

бозон

a type of particle accelerator where two opposing beams of particles are directed to collide with each other at high speeds, allowing scientists to study fundamental particles and forces

коллайдер, коллайдер частиц

a simple type of antenna made of two metal rods, connected in the middle, that is half the wavelength of the signal it transmits or receives

диполь, антенна диполь

a fundamental particle with half-integer spin, including electrons and their heavier counterparts, as well as neutrinos

лептон, лептоновая частица