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什么是助動詞？
助動詞是帮助动词。它们没有独立的意义，通常与其他动词一起使用以构成疑问句、否定句、不同的时态等。英语中的助動詞有：
be
do
have
Be
'Be' 可以既是主要动词也是助動詞，并且在这两种角色中都是不规则动词。作为主要动词，'be' 用于描述主语的状态或条件。它可以表示存在和位置。作为助動詞，它用于构成进行时态并指代正在进行的动作。它有以下几种形式：
一般现在时 | |
|---|---|
I | am (我 是) |
you | are (你 是) |
he/she/it | is (他/她/它 是) |
we | are (我们 是) |
you | are (你们 是) |
they | are (他们 是) |
You are a lawyer.
你是律师。
(主要动词)
He is singing.
他在唱歌。
(助動詞)
一般过去时 | |
|---|---|
I | was (我 是) |
you | were (你 是) |
he/she/it | was (他/她/它 是) |
we | were (我们 是) |
you | were (你们 是) |
they | were (他们 是) |
He was sad.
他很伤心。
(主要动词)
Be 的疑问形式
如果 'be' 是句子的主要动词，它会移到句首以形成疑问：
I am Adam. → Am I Adam?
我是亚当。 → 我是亚当吗？
He is a doctor. → Is he a doctor?
他是一名医生。 → 他是医生吗？
如果句子有主要动词，而 'be' 是助動詞，它会移到句首，然后主语 + 主要动词跟在后面形成疑问：
We are staying at the hotel. → Are we staying at the hotel?
我们住在酒店。 → 我们住在酒店吗？
He is watching television. → Is he watching television?
他在看电视。 → 他在看电视吗？
Be 的否定形式
要用 'be' 作为助動詞构成否定句，只需在后面加上 'not'。
I am studying. → I am not studying.
我在学习。 → 我没有学习。
He is running. → He is not running. (He isn't running.)
他在跑。 → 他没跑。
Do
'Do' 作为助動詞有助于在现在简单时和一般过去时中形成疑问句和否定句。它与主要动词的基本形式一起使用。
一般现在时 | 一般过去时 | |
|---|---|---|
I | do/don't | did/didn't |
you | do/don't | did/didn't |
he/she/it | does/doesn't | did/didn't |
we | do/don't | did/didn't |
you | do/don't | did/didn't |
did | do/don't | did/didn't |
Do you like coffee?
你喜欢咖啡吗？
在疑问句中，'do' 放在句首，主语和主要动词在其后出现。
I do not play soccer.
我不踢足球。
要形成否定句，在 'do' 后加上 'not'，主要动词跟在后面。
Have
'Have' 作为助動詞用于构成完成时态并表示某个动作已完成。
一般现在时 | 一般过去时 | |
|---|---|---|
I | have/haven't | had/hadn't |
you | have/haven't | had/hadn't |
he/she/it | has/hasn't | had/hadn't |
we | have/haven't | had/hadn't |
you | have/haven't | had/hadn't |
they | have/haven't | had/hadn't |
Quiz:
Which sentence uses "be" as an auxiliary verb?
She is a teacher.
They are playing tennis.
He was tired.
We are friends.
How would you change this statement into a question?
"He is working late tonight."
He working late tonight?
Working he late tonight?
Is working he late tonight?
Is he working late tonight?
Sort the words into the correct order to form a grammatically correct question:
Fill in the blank with the correct auxiliary verb.
She
running in the park.
They
not go to the gym on weekends.
They
not enjoy the movie last night.
you like coffee?
I
studying for the exam right now.
Fill in the blanks in the table with the correct auxiliary verb forms for "be" and "do."
| Subject | Present | Past |
|---|---|---|
I | was | |
He/She/It | ||
We/You/They | are | |
I | do | |
He/She/It | did | |
We/You/They | did |
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