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Southern Europe and the Balkans Vocabulary - Spain

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Southern Europe and the Balkans Vocabulary
breathtaking
breathtaking
[Adjective]

incredibly impressive or beautiful, often leaving one feeling amazed

Ex: The ballet performance was simply breathtaking, with its graceful movements and stunning choreography. 
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(in|by) contrast
in contrast
[Adverb]

used to highlight the differences between two or more things or people

Ex: The old house had a charming, rustic feel, whereas the new one, in contrast, is sleek and modern. 
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stunning
stunning
[Adjective]

causing strong admiration or shock due to beauty or impact

Ex: The stunning landscape of the countryside was captured in the artist's painting. 
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volcanic
volcanic
[Adjective]

related to or formed by the activity of volcanoes

Ex: The volcanic eruption sent plumes of ash into the sky. 
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New World
New World
[noun]

a term used to refer to the Central, North and South America, in the past

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vibrant
vibrant
[Adjective]

full of energy, enthusiasm, and life

Ex: The city was vibrant with activity during the festival. 
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diverse
diverse
[Adjective]

showing a variety of distinct types or qualities

Ex: The team consisted of individuals from diverse backgrounds, bringing a range of experiences and perspectives to the table. 
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to locate
to locate
[Verb]

to be situated or established in a particular place

Ex: The museum is located near the river. 
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peninsula
peninsula
[noun]

a large body of land that is partially surrounded by water but is attached to a larger area of land

Ex: The Iberian Peninsula is home to Spain and Portugal, surrounded by water on three sides. 
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border
border
[noun]

a line that separates two countries, provinces, or states from each other

Ex: Diplomatic tensions can escalate when disputes arise over the delineation of borders between nations. 
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to surround

to be around something on all sides

Ex: The city is surrounded by beautiful countryside. 
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coastline
coastline
[noun]

the boundary between land and water, particularly as seen on a map or from above

Ex: The rugged coastline stretched for miles. 
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populous
populous
[Adjective]

having a large number of inhabitants relative to its size or area

Ex: Tokyo is one of the most populous cities in the world, housing over 30 million people. 
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lively
lively
[Adjective]

full of activity, excitement, and energy

Ex: The restaurant has a lively atmosphere on Friday nights. 
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landmark
landmark
[noun]

a structure or a place that is historically important

Ex: The Great Wall of China is a remarkable landmark that stretches across thousands of miles and has stood for centuries. 
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to shape
to shape
[Verb]

to exert a significant influence on the development, nature, or outcome of something

Ex: Early childhood experiences can shape a person's personality and attitudes later in life. 
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civilization

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

Ex: Ancient Egypt is considered one of the greatest civilizations in history. 
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influence
influence
[noun]

the ability to affect people or events, particularly through prestige, status, or authority

Ex: The lobbyist's influence led to the passing of the new environmental regulations. 
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aqueduct
aqueduct
[noun]

a channel or pipeline used to transport water over a long distance, usually from a remote source to a town or city

Ex: The ancient Romans built aqueducts to supply their cities with water. 
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fall
fall
[noun]

the downfall, loss, or defeat of someone or something, often irreversible

Ex: The dictator's fall shocked the nation. 
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to rule
to rule
[Verb]

to control and be in charge of a country

Ex: The monarch ruled the kingdom with absolute authority. 
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architecture

the art, study, or profession of designing buildings and other structures

Ex: Emma studied architecture at university. 
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to take back

to regain the possession of a thing or person

Ex: She took back her stolen wallet from the thief. 
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colony
colony
[noun]

a country or territory politically controlled by another, more powerful country

Ex: India was once a British colony. 
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to [set] sail
to set sail
[phrase]

to begin a journey by ship or boat

Ex: The explorers set sail before sunrise. 
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civil war
civil war
[noun]

a war that is between people who are in the same country

Ex: The American Civil War was fought between the Northern states (Union) and the Southern states (Confederacy) over issues of slavery and states' rights. 
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nation
nation
[noun]

the people living within a nation or country, considered collectively

Ex: The nation mourned the loss of its leader. 
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dictator
dictator
[noun]

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

Ex: The dictator imposed strict censorship laws to suppress any opposition to his regime. 
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a strong hand

firm and strict control or leadership

Ex: The kingdom was ruled with a strong hand for decades. 
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to isolate

to separate someone or something from other people or things

Ex: The high wall isolates the house from the surrounding neighborhood. 
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poverty
poverty
[noun]

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

Ex: Many families in the area live in poverty and struggle to access basic services. 
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to transition

to change or move from one state, condition, system, or activity to another

Ex: The company transitioned from paper records to a digital system. 
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constitutional monarchy

a country ruled by a king or queen whose powers are limited by law and elected officials hold most authority

Ex: The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. 
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to elect
to elect
[Verb]

to choose a person for a specific job, particularly a political one, by voting

Ex: Citizens will elect a new mayor in the upcoming municipal elections. 
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full of life
full of life
[phrase]

(of a place) characterized by constant activity, with people moving around, interacting, and creating a sense of liveliness

Ex: The city square is always full of life, with vendors selling their goods and people chatting. 
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passionate
passionate
[Adjective]

showing or having enthusiasm or strong emotions about something one care deeply about

Ex: She is a passionate advocate for environmental conservation and volunteers regularly for cleanup projects. 
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to [wear|have] {one's} heart on {one's} sleeve

to make no effort to hide one's true feelings and intentions

Ex: She wears her heart on her sleeve, so everyone knows when she's upset. 
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messy
messy
[Adjective]

lacking orderliness or cleanliness

Ex: His bedroom was messy, with clothes strewn across the floor and books piled haphazardly on the desk. 
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bonfire
bonfire
[noun]

a large fire built outdoors for celebration or signaling

Ex: They gathered around the bonfire on the beach. 
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firework
firework
[noun]

(usually plural) a small thing containing explosive powder that produces bright colors and a loud noise when it explodes or burns, mostly used at celebrations

Ex: The fireworks lit up the night sky during the New Year's Eve celebration. 
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parade
parade
[noun]

a public procession of people or vehicles held to celebrate or mark an event

Ex: Thousands of people lined the streets to watch the holiday parade. 
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cuisine
cuisine
[noun]

a method or style of cooking that is specific to a country or region

Ex: They sampled a variety of Asian cuisine, including sushi, dim sum, and curry. 
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to originate

to begin to exist or develop, especially from a particular source, place, or situation

Ex: The tradition originated in a small farming community. 
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saffron
saffron
[noun]

the spice that is made from the dried aromatic stigmas of crocus flowers, used to add taste and color to the food

Ex: He likes to sprinkle a few strands of saffron into his cup of warm milk. 
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shallow
shallow
[Adjective]

having only a short distance from the surface, edge, or opening to the bottom or innermost part

Ex: The children played in the shallow water near the shore. 
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pan
pan
[noun]

a usually metal container used for cooking food

Ex: Heat the oil in a large pan. 
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[hit] the spot
hit the spot
[phrase]

to satisfy a craving or desire, especially for food or drink

Ex: That cold lemonade really hit the spot after the long walk. 
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filling
filling
[Adjective]

(of food) making one's stomach feel full

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omelet
omelet
[noun]

a dish that consists of eggs mixed together and cooked in a frying pan

Ex: She made a fluffy omelet for breakfast, filled with diced tomatoes, onions, and spinach. 
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cured
cured
[Adjective]

preserved using methods like salting or smoking to prevent spoilage and enhance taste

Ex: The butcher displayed a selection of cured meats, including prosciutto and salami. 
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ham
ham
[noun]

meat from the upper part of a pig's hind leg, especially when cured by salting or smoking

Ex: Emma made a ham sandwich for lunch. 
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dough
dough
[noun]

a thick mixture of flour, liquid and sometimes yeast that is baked into bread or pastry

Ex: Pizza dough needs to be stretched and shaped before adding the toppings. 
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to dip
to dip
[Verb]

to put something briefly or partly into a liquid, usually to wet, coat, or soak it

Ex: Emma dipped the strawberries in melted chocolate. 
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pick-me-up

something that makes one feel better or more energetic, especially when feeling tired or unmotivated

Ex: She always carries a snack as a pick-me-up during long meetings. 
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