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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic - Test 1 - Reading - Passage 3 (1)

Here you can find the vocabulary from Test 1 - Reading - Passage 3 (1) in the Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic coursebook, to help you prepare for your IELTS exam.

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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic
to conquer

to overcome a challenge or obstacle

Ex: She conquered the challenges in her career through perseverance and hard work. 
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satellite
satellite
[noun]

an object sent into space to travel around the earth and send or receive information

Ex: The weather satellite provided real-time images of storm systems to help meteorologists forecast the weather. 
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shard
shard
[noun]

a sharp piece of broken material, such as glass or pottery

Ex: She carefully picked up the shard of glass from the floor. 
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collision
collision
[noun]

(physics) the act of two or more moving items crashing into each other

Ex: Astronomers predicted a future collision between two galaxies billions of years from now. 
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debris
debris
[noun]

the scattered pieces of waste, remains, or broken objects, often left after destruction or an accident

Ex: The hurricane left debris scattered across the streets. 
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to follow through

pursue to a conclusion or bring to a successful issue

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to deploy
to deploy
[Verb]

to put into use or action

Ex: The company decided to deploy its new marketing strategy to increase brand awareness. 
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constellation

an organized grouping or arrangement of parts, elements, or ideas

Ex: The city has a constellation of cultural institutions. 
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disaster
disaster
[noun]

a sudden and unfortunate event that causes a great amount of death and destruction

Ex: After the disaster, the community came together to support each other. 
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iridium
iridium
[noun]

a heavy brittle metallic element of the platinum group; used in alloys; occurs in natural alloys with platinum or osmium

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to smash
to smash
[Verb]

to forcefully come into contact with an object or surface

Ex: The car lost control on the icy road and smashed into a tree. 
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communications satellite

an artificial satellite that relays signals back to earth; moves in a geostationary orbit

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cosmos
cosmos
[noun]

the universe, particularly when it is thought of as a systematic whole

Ex: The study of the cosmos encompasses the exploration of galaxies, stars, and planets. 
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orbit
orbit
[noun]

the path an object in the space follows to move around a planet, star, etc.

Ex: The satellite was placed into a stable orbit to continuously monitor weather patterns from space. 
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threat
threat
[noun]

something that poses danger or the possibility of harm

Ex: Pollution is a major threat to marine life. 
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civil
civil
[Adjective]

connected to the government or public life, rather than religion or the military

Ex: The government is working to strengthen civil institutions. 
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department

a part of an organization such as a university, government, etc. that deals with a particular task

Ex: He's applying for a job in the legal department of that firm. 
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times
times
[preposition]

used to multiply a number by another

Ex: Three times four equals twelve. 
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average
average
[noun]

a value that represents the central or typical point in a set of data, often calculated as the mean, median, or mode

Ex: The average of the group’s scores was 80%. 
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to rise
to rise
[Verb]

to grow in number, amount, size, or value

Ex: The temperature will rise by several degrees tomorrow. 
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sharply
sharply
[Adverb]

with a sudden and significant change; dramatically

Ex: The temperature dropped sharply overnight, causing frost to form on the windows. 
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leading
leading
[Adjective]

greatest in significance, importance, degree, or achievement

Ex: The company's leading product dominates the market, setting the standard for quality and innovation. 
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shrapnel
shrapnel
[noun]

fragments from an explosion, causing damage to surroundings

Ex: The blast sent shrapnel flying in all directions, causing injuries to nearby civilians. 
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to threaten

to indicate a potential danger or risk to someone or something

Ex: His aggressive behavior began to threaten the safety of those around him. 
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zone
zone
[noun]

a specific area with unique characteristics

Ex: This park has a zone for picnics and another for sports. 
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to stretch

to cover a significant distance or expanse

Ex: The wheat fields stretch for miles across the countryside. 
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altitude
altitude
[noun]

the angular distance of a celestial object above the horizon

Ex: The astronomer calculated the star's altitude at midnight. 
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roughly
roughly
[Adverb]

without being exact

Ex: The project will take roughly two months to complete. 
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operator
operator
[noun]

a person who controls or works an apparatus, machine, or system

Ex: The crane operator lifted the heavy beams safely. 
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to steer
to steer
[Verb]

to control the direction of a moving object, such as a car, ship, etc.

Ex: He expertly steered the car through the winding mountain roads. 
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crash
crash
[noun]

an accident in which a vehicle, plane, etc. hits something else

Ex: The crash on the highway caused a major traffic delay and required emergency response. 
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to consume

to use a supply of energy, fuel, etc.

Ex: During the winter months, households tend to consume more energy for heating to stay warm. 
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otherwise
otherwise
[Adverb]

in a manner different from the one that has been mentioned

Ex: The forecast predicts sunny weather, but the dark clouds outside suggest otherwise. 
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spacecraft

a vehicle designed to travel in space

Ex: The spacecraft was launched to explore Mars and collect data about the planet's surface and atmosphere. 
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to go back

to trace the existence or origin of something to a specific point in time

Ex: The tradition of celebrating the festival goes back for centuries. 
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era
era
[noun]

a period of history marked by particular features or events

Ex: The fall of the Berlin Wall marked the beginning of a new era in European politics. 
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to investigate

to examine something scientifically, typically to discover facts or evidence

Ex: The researchers will investigate the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems. 
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to attack
to attack
[Verb]

to begin dealing with a problem or task in a focused and energetic manner

Ex: The team decided to attack the issue head-on and find a solution quickly. 
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to assess
to assess
[Verb]

to form a judgment on the quality, worth, nature, ability or importance of something, someone, or a situation

Ex: The manager assesses employees' performance during quarterly reviews. 
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efficiently
efficiently
[Adverb]

with minimum waste of resources or energy

Ex: The new software system allows employees to process orders more efficiently, reducing manual errors. 
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to compile

to gather information in order to produce a book, report, etc.

Ex: The researcher compiled data from numerous studies to create a comprehensive report on climate change. 
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massive
massive
[Adjective]

exceptionally large or extensive in scope, degree, or impact

Ex: The company’s restructuring plan had a massive effect on its global operations. 
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data
data
[noun]

information or facts collected to be used for various purposes

Ex: The scientist analyzed the data collected from the experiment. 
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taxonomy
taxonomy
[noun]

a classification of organisms into groups based on similarities of structure or origin etc

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to measure

to find out the exact size of something or someone

Ex: The tailor regularly measures customers to ensure a perfect fit for their clothes. 
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property
property
[noun]

a feature or quality of something

Ex: The most desirable property of the new smartphone is its long-lasting battery life. 
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alternative

any of the available possibilities that one can choose from

Ex: We need to find an alternative if this plan doesn't work. 
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unthinkable
unthinkable
[Adjective]

beyond what is acceptable or reasonable to imagine

Ex: Losing the championship was unthinkable for the team. 
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uncontrolled
uncontrolled
[Adjective]

lacking regulation, restraint, or governance, resulting in chaos, disorder, or wildness

Ex: The uncontrolled use of fireworks can pose a danger to public safety. 
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to generate

to cause or give rise to something

Ex: The artist's provocative work generated controversy and debate, challenging societal norms and perceptions. 
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to set off

to be the first cause of a chain of events, actions, or reactions that unfold unexpectedly

Ex: Her comments about the topic set off a heated debate among the participants. 
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runaway
runaway
[Adjective]

completely out of control

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cascade
cascade
[noun]

a large, continuous flow or outpouring of something, such as light, hair, or even emotions, falling or spreading downward in abundance

Ex: Her hair fell in a golden cascade over her shoulders. 
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fragment
fragment
[noun]

a small piece or part that has broken off from a larger whole, often referring to objects or materials

Ex: The archaeologist carefully examined each fragment of pottery found at the excavation site. 
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to render
to render
[Verb]

to cause something to develop into a particular state, condition, or quality

Ex: The intense heat of the fire rendered the metal soft and malleable. 
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unusable
unusable
[Adjective]

not able to be used or accessed effectively, typically due to damage, malfunction, or impracticality

Ex: The broken computer was unusable until it was repaired. 
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point of no return

the time when it becomes impossible for one to return to a previous place or state or to make a different decision

Ex: Once the documents were signed, we had passed the point of no return. 
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to monitor

to keep someone or something under observation, typically for safety or security purposes

Ex: The security guard diligently monitors the surveillance cameras to ensure the safety of the premises. 
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to collaborate

to work with someone else in order to create something or reach the same goal

Ex: The researchers collaborated on a groundbreaking study in neuroscience. 
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shared
shared
[Adjective]

available to or involving all parties

Ex: The shared goal of the project was to improve community services. 
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agency
agency
[noun]

a business or organization that provides services to other parties, especially by representing them in transactions

Ex: A real estate agency helps facilitate transactions between property buyers and sellers. 
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coordination

the act or process of organizing different parts of something so that they can properly work as a whole

Ex: The event required careful coordination to run smoothly. 
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committee
committee
[noun]

a group of people appointed or elected to perform a specific function, task, or duty

Ex: The committee convened to discuss the budget allocations for the upcoming fiscal year. 
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guideline
guideline
[noun]

a principle or instruction based on which a person should behave or act in a particular situation

Ex: The company's dress code guidelines specify business casual attire for all employees. 
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sustainability

the capacity to be maintained for a long time and causing no harm to the environment

Ex: Sustainability in agriculture ensures soil health for future generations. 
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to inactivate

make inactive

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to vent
to vent
[Verb]

to let something, like air or gas, escape through an opening or passage

Ex: The exhaust system vents the fumes outside the building. 
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leftover
leftover
[Adjective]

remaining after the main part has been used or taken away

Ex: We had leftover pizza for dinner last night. 
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explosion
explosion
[noun]

a sudden, forceful release of energy due to a chemical or nuclear reaction, causing rapid expansion of gases, loud noise, and often destruction

Ex: The explosion at the factory was caused by a malfunction in the chemical storage tanks. 
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space junk

pieces of old satellites, rockets, or other objects that are left floating in space and no longer serve any useful purpose

Ex: Scientists are developing new ways to remove space junk from orbit. 
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astrodynamical
astrodynamical
[Adjective]

related to the study or science of how objects move in space, especially under the influence of gravity

Ex: The satellite's path was calculated using astrodynamical methods. 
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pressurized
pressurized
[Adjective]

containing air or gas that is kept at a controlled, higher-than-normal pressure to allow safe or proper operation in certain environments

Ex: The plane has a pressurized cabin to keep passengers comfortable at high altitudes. 
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