Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic - Test 1 - Reading - Passage 3 (1)

to overcome a challenge or obstacle

an object sent into space to travel around the earth and send or receive information

a sharp piece of broken material, such as glass or pottery

(physics) the act of two or more moving items crashing into each other

the scattered pieces of waste, remains, or broken objects, often left after destruction or an accident

pursue to a conclusion or bring to a successful issue

to put into use or action

an organized grouping or arrangement of parts, elements, or ideas

a sudden and unfortunate event that causes a great amount of death and destruction

a heavy brittle metallic element of the platinum group; used in alloys; occurs in natural alloys with platinum or osmium

to forcefully come into contact with an object or surface

an artificial satellite that relays signals back to earth; moves in a geostationary orbit

the universe, particularly when it is thought of as a systematic whole

the path an object in the space follows to move around a planet, star, etc.

something that poses danger or the possibility of harm

connected to the government or public life, rather than religion or the military

a part of an organization such as a university, government, etc. that deals with a particular task

used to multiply a number by another

a value that represents the central or typical point in a set of data, often calculated as the mean, median, or mode

to grow in number, amount, size, or value

with a sudden and significant change; dramatically

greatest in significance, importance, degree, or achievement

fragments from an explosion, causing damage to surroundings

to indicate a potential danger or risk to someone or something

a specific area with unique characteristics

to cover a significant distance or expanse

the angular distance of a celestial object above the horizon

without being exact

a person who controls or works an apparatus, machine, or system

to control the direction of a moving object, such as a car, ship, etc.

an accident in which a vehicle, plane, etc. hits something else

to use a supply of energy, fuel, etc.

in a manner different from the one that has been mentioned

a vehicle designed to travel in space

to trace the existence or origin of something to a specific point in time

a period of history marked by particular features or events

to examine something scientifically, typically to discover facts or evidence

to begin dealing with a problem or task in a focused and energetic manner

to form a judgment on the quality, worth, nature, ability or importance of something, someone, or a situation

with minimum waste of resources or energy

to gather information in order to produce a book, report, etc.

exceptionally large or extensive in scope, degree, or impact

information or facts collected to be used for various purposes

a classification of organisms into groups based on similarities of structure or origin etc

to find out the exact size of something or someone

a feature or quality of something

any of the available possibilities that one can choose from

beyond what is acceptable or reasonable to imagine

lacking regulation, restraint, or governance, resulting in chaos, disorder, or wildness

to cause or give rise to something

to be the first cause of a chain of events, actions, or reactions that unfold unexpectedly

completely out of control

a large, continuous flow or outpouring of something, such as light, hair, or even emotions, falling or spreading downward in abundance

a small piece or part that has broken off from a larger whole, often referring to objects or materials

to cause something to develop into a particular state, condition, or quality

not able to be used or accessed effectively, typically due to damage, malfunction, or impracticality

the time when it becomes impossible for one to return to a previous place or state or to make a different decision

to keep someone or something under observation, typically for safety or security purposes

to work with someone else in order to create something or reach the same goal

available to or involving all parties

a business or organization that provides services to other parties, especially by representing them in transactions

the act or process of organizing different parts of something so that they can properly work as a whole

a group of people appointed or elected to perform a specific function, task, or duty

a principle or instruction based on which a person should behave or act in a particular situation

the capacity to be maintained for a long time and causing no harm to the environment

make inactive

to let something, like air or gas, escape through an opening or passage

remaining after the main part has been used or taken away

a sudden, forceful release of energy due to a chemical or nuclear reaction, causing rapid expansion of gases, loud noise, and often destruction

pieces of old satellites, rockets, or other objects that are left floating in space and no longer serve any useful purpose

related to the study or science of how objects move in space, especially under the influence of gravity

containing air or gas that is kept at a controlled, higher-than-normal pressure to allow safe or proper operation in certain environments