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C2 Level Wordlist - Geology

Here you will learn all the essential words for talking about Geology, collected specifically for level C2 learners.

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
tectonics

the scientific study of the Earth's lithosphere and the processes that shape its structure, including the movement of tectonic plates, earthquakes, and volcanic activity

[noun]
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plate

a large, rigid section of the Earth's lithosphere that moves, leading to geological activity like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

[noun]
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fissure

(in geology) a narrow break or crack that partially divides a rock or surface without completely separating it

[noun]
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subduction

a geological process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle

[noun]
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isostasy

the gravitational balance between Earth's rigid lithosphere and the underlying, semi-fluid asthenosphere, influencing variations in surface elevation

[noun]
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lithosphere

the Earth's rigid outer layer, made up of the crust and upper mantle, and divided into tectonic plates

[noun]
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asthenosphere

a layer of semi-fluid rock beneath the Earth's crust that allows tectonic plates to move

[noun]
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karst

a landscape formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks, characterized by sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage systems

[noun]
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orogeny

the geological process of mountain building, usually occurring due to the collision or convergence of tectonic plates

[noun]
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geode

a hollow rock with a cavity inside, lined with crystals or mineral material, formed through natural processes and often valued for its aesthetic qualities

[noun]
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kimberlite

a volcanic rock that often contains diamonds, formed during explosive eruptions from the Earth's mantle, and is of particular interest in diamond exploration and mining

[noun]
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glaciation

the geological process involving the expansion and movement of glaciers, shaping landscapes through erosion, deposition, and the formation of distinctive glacial landforms

[noun]
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moraine

a deposit of rocks, sediment, and glacial material left by a moving glacier, forming distinctive landforms along its edges or terminus

[noun]
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drumlin

a streamlined, elongated hill formed by glacial action, with a teardrop shape and the steeper end facing the direction of ice movement

[noun]
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caldera

a large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption

[noun]
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diagenesis

the physical and chemical changes occurring in sediments between their deposition and their consolidation into sedimentary rock

[noun]
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metamorphism

a complete change in the form and structure of a rock as a result of heat and pressure

[noun]
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sedimentation

the process by which particles settle out of a liquid or gas due to gravity, forming a sediment layer

[noun]
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faulting

the movement or displacement along a fracture in the Earth's crust, resulting from tectonic forces, which can lead to earthquakes

[noun]
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aquifer

a layer of rock or sediment that stores and transmits groundwater

[noun]
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concretion

a hard lump or mass formed in sedimentary rock by natural cementing processes

[noun]
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pluton

a large body of igneous rock formed beneath the Earth's surface from magma that has cooled and solidified

[noun]
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folding

(in geology) the bending or deformation of rock layers due to compressional forces

[noun]
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lahar

a fast-moving mixture of volcanic ash, debris, and water

[noun]
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subsidence

the process during which a building or piece of land sinks to a lower level or to the ground

[noun]
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intrusion

(geology) the injection of magma into existing rock formations underground

[noun]
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matrix

(geology) the fine-grained material surrounding larger rock fragments or grains within a sedimentary rock

[noun]
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igneous

(of rock) formed from cooled magma or lava

[Adjective]
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