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Seznam Slovíček Úrovně C2 - Geology

Zde se naučíte všechna základní slova pro povídání o geologii, shromážděná speciálně pro studenty úrovně C2.

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
tectonics
[Podstatné jméno]

the scientific study of the Earth's lithosphere and the processes that shape its structure, including the movement of tectonic plates, earthquakes, and volcanic activity

tektonika, tektonické procesy

tektonika, tektonické procesy

Ex: Tectonics is a multidisciplinary science that integrates geophysics , geology , and geochemistry to unravel the complexities of Earth 's lithospheric processes .
plate
[Podstatné jméno]

a large, rigid section of the Earth's lithosphere that moves, leading to geological activity like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

deska, tektonická deska

deska, tektonická deska

Ex: The movement of the Nazca Plate beneath the South American Plate leads to the formation of the Andes and volcanic activity.
fissure
[Podstatné jméno]

(in geology) a narrow break or crack that partially divides a rock or surface without completely separating it

trhlina, prasklina

trhlina, prasklina

Ex: The tectonic plates pulled apart , causing a fissure to emerge in the earth 's surface .
subduction
[Podstatné jméno]

a geological process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle

subdukce, subdukční proces

subdukce, subdukční proces

Ex: The Ring of Fire is a prominent zone of subduction-related volcanic and seismic activity encircling the Pacific Ocean basin.
isostasy
[Podstatné jméno]

the gravitational balance between Earth's rigid lithosphere and the underlying, semi-fluid asthenosphere, influencing variations in surface elevation

izostáze, izostatická rovnováha

izostáze, izostatická rovnováha

Ex: Isostasy is a fundamental principle in geophysics, guiding our understanding of the dynamic balance between Earth's rigid and fluid layers.
lithosphere
[Podstatné jméno]

the Earth's rigid outer layer, made up of the crust and upper mantle, and divided into tectonic plates

litosféra, litosféry

litosféra, litosféry

Ex: lithosphere is in constant motion , with plates drifting and interacting over geological time scales .
asthenosphere
[Podstatné jméno]

a layer of semi-fluid rock beneath the Earth's crust that allows tectonic plates to move

asthenosféra, asthenosféra (vrstva polotekuté horniny)

asthenosféra, asthenosféra (vrstva polotekuté horniny)

Ex: The movement of magma from the asthenosphere to the Earth's surface leads to volcanic activity in regions like the Pacific Ring of Fire.
karst
[Podstatné jméno]

a landscape formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks, characterized by sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage systems

kras, karst

kras, karst

Ex: Karst aquifers are important sources of groundwater for drinking water and irrigation in many regions around the world, but they are also susceptible to contamination and pollution.
orogeny
[Podstatné jméno]

the geological process of mountain building, usually occurring due to the collision or convergence of tectonic plates

orogeneze, horská tvorba

orogeneze, horská tvorba

Ex: The orogeny played a role in the formation of the supercontinent Laurasia during the Paleozoic era .
geode
[Podstatné jméno]

a hollow rock with a cavity inside, lined with crystals or mineral material, formed through natural processes and often valued for its aesthetic qualities

geoda, krystalová geoda

geoda, krystalová geoda

Ex: During a field trip , students unearthed geode in a riverbed , marveling at the hidden treasures inside .
kimberlite
[Podstatné jméno]

a volcanic rock that often contains diamonds, formed during explosive eruptions from the Earth's mantle, and is of particular interest in diamond exploration and mining

kimberlit, kimberlitová hornina

kimberlit, kimberlitová hornina

Ex: Prospecting teams use geophysical methods to locate kimberlite pipes beneath the Earth 's surface .
glaciation
[Podstatné jméno]

the geological process involving the expansion and movement of glaciers, shaping landscapes through erosion, deposition, and the formation of distinctive glacial landforms

glaciace, ledovcování

glaciace, ledovcování

Ex: Glaciation played a role in shaping the iconic Yosemite Valley in California .
moraine
[Podstatné jméno]

a deposit of rocks, sediment, and glacial material left by a moving glacier, forming distinctive landforms along its edges or terminus

moréna, morénní sediment

moréna, morénní sediment

Ex: moraines, resulting from the merging of two glaciers , were observed in the high mountain ranges .
drumlin
[Podstatné jméno]

a streamlined, elongated hill formed by glacial action, with a teardrop shape and the steeper end facing the direction of ice movement

drumlin, ledovcová kupa

drumlin, ledovcová kupa

Ex: As the ice sheet advanced , it left behind a series drumlins, each bearing evidence of its journey .
caldera
[Podstatné jméno]

a large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption

kaldera, sopečné jezero

kaldera, sopečné jezero

Ex: The Aira Caldera in Japan contains the active Sakurajima volcano and forms Kagoshima Bay.
diagenesis
[Podstatné jméno]

the physical and chemical changes occurring in sediments between their deposition and their consolidation into sedimentary rock

diagenze, diagenetické procesy

diagenze, diagenetické procesy

Ex: The study of diagenesis provides insights into the history of sedimentary rocks and the environmental conditions present during their formation, as well as their potential as hydrocarbon reservoirs.
metamorphism
[Podstatné jméno]

a complete change in the form and structure of a rock as a result of heat and pressure

metamorfóza, metamorfismus

metamorfóza, metamorfismus

Ex: metamorphism happens when rocks are heated by nearby magma , leading to localized changes in the rock 's structure and composition .
sedimentation
[Podstatné jméno]

the process by which particles settle out of a liquid or gas due to gravity, forming a sediment layer

sedimentace, usazování

sedimentace, usazování

Ex: Sedimentation is used in wastewater treatment to separate solids from liquids .
faulting
[Podstatné jméno]

the movement or displacement along a fracture in the Earth's crust, resulting from tectonic forces, which can lead to earthquakes

smykání, pohyb po zlomu

smykání, pohyb po zlomu

Ex: Faulting is a common occurrence in regions with high tectonic activity.
aquifer
[Podstatné jméno]

a layer of rock or sediment that stores and transmits groundwater

vodonosná vrstva, akvifér

vodonosná vrstva, akvifér

Ex: Pollution can contaminate aquifer, affecting water quality .
concretion
[Podstatné jméno]

a hard lump or mass formed in sedimentary rock by natural cementing processes

konkrece, kamenohlav

konkrece, kamenohlav

Ex: Geologists concretions for analysis to learn about past depositional conditions .
pluton
[Podstatné jméno]

a large body of igneous rock formed beneath the Earth's surface from magma that has cooled and solidified

pluton, magmatické těleso

pluton, magmatické těleso

Ex: The intrusion of pluton can alter the thermal gradient of surrounding rocks .
folding
[Podstatné jméno]

(in geology) the bending or deformation of rock layers due to compressional forces

sklopení, ohyb

sklopení, ohyb

Ex: Folding changes the shape of rock formations over millions of years.
lahar
[Podstatné jméno]

a fast-moving mixture of volcanic ash, debris, and water

lahar, sopečný proud

lahar, sopečný proud

Ex: Engineers lahars' behavior to develop evacuation plans for at-risk communities .
subsidence
[Podstatné jméno]

the process during which a building or piece of land sinks to a lower level or to the ground

sídlení, pokles

sídlení, pokles

Ex: The subsidence of the land was evidenced by the sinking of ancient monuments and structures .
intrusion
[Podstatné jméno]

(geology) the injection of magma into existing rock formations underground

intruze, vniknutí

intruze, vniknutí

Ex: Intrusions can deform existing rock formations .
matrix
[Podstatné jméno]

(geology) the fine-grained material surrounding larger rock fragments or grains within a sedimentary rock

matrix, mřížka

matrix, mřížka

Ex: Matrix cementation affects the strength and durability of sedimentary rocks .
igneous
[Přídavné jméno]

(of rock) formed from cooled magma or lava

vyvřelý, magmatický

vyvřelý, magmatický

Ex: The volcano erupted , spewing out molten lava that eventually igneous formations .
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