ログイン
the scientific study of the Earth's lithosphere and the processes that shape its structure, including the movement of tectonic plates, earthquakes, and volcanic activity
テクトニクス, 地殻運動学
a large, rigid section of the Earth's lithosphere that moves, leading to geological activity like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
プレート, 板状地殻
(in geology) a narrow break or crack that partially divides a rock or surface without completely separating it
亀裂（きれつ）, 割れ目（われめ）
a geological process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle
沈み込み, サブダクション
the gravitational balance between Earth's rigid lithosphere and the underlying, semi-fluid asthenosphere, influencing variations in surface elevation
アイソスタシー, 等重力
the Earth's rigid outer layer, made up of the crust and upper mantle, and divided into tectonic plates
リソスフェア, 岩石圏
a layer of semi-fluid rock beneath the Earth's crust that allows tectonic plates to move
アセノスフェア, アセノスフェア層
a landscape formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks, characterized by sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage systems
カルスト, 石灰岩地形
the geological process of mountain building, usually occurring due to the collision or convergence of tectonic plates
造山運動 (ぞうざんうんどう), オロジェニー
a hollow rock with a cavity inside, lined with crystals or mineral material, formed through natural processes and often valued for its aesthetic qualities
ジオード, 空洞鉱石
a volcanic rock that often contains diamonds, formed during explosive eruptions from the Earth's mantle, and is of particular interest in diamond exploration and mining
キンバライト, ダイヤモンド鉱石
the geological process involving the expansion and movement of glaciers, shaping landscapes through erosion, deposition, and the formation of distinctive glacial landforms
氷河作用, 氷期
a deposit of rocks, sediment, and glacial material left by a moving glacier, forming distinctive landforms along its edges or terminus
モレーン, 氷堆石
a streamlined, elongated hill formed by glacial action, with a teardrop shape and the steeper end facing the direction of ice movement
ドラムリン, 流線型丘
a large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption
カルデラ, 火口跡
the physical and chemical changes occurring in sediments between their deposition and their consolidation into sedimentary rock
堆積物の対生成, 堆積作用
a complete change in the form and structure of a rock as a result of heat and pressure
変成作用 (へんせいさよう), メタモルフォーシス
the process by which particles settle out of a liquid or gas due to gravity, forming a sediment layer
堆積（たいせき）, 堆積作用（たいせきさよう）
the movement or displacement along a fracture in the Earth's crust, resulting from tectonic forces, which can lead to earthquakes
断層活動（だんそうかつどう）, フォールティング
a layer of rock or sediment that stores and transmits groundwater
地下水層 (ちかすいそう), 帯水層 (たいすいそう)
a hard lump or mass formed in sedimentary rock by natural cementing processes
コンクレション, コンクリート状の塊
a large body of igneous rock formed beneath the Earth's surface from magma that has cooled and solidified
プルトン, 大深部岩体
(in geology) the bending or deformation of rock layers due to compressional forces
屈曲, 折りたたみ
a fast-moving mixture of volcanic ash, debris, and water
ラハール, 火山泥流
the process during which a building or piece of land sinks to a lower level or to the ground
沈下 (ちんか), 地盤沈下 (じばんちんか)
(geology) the injection of magma into existing rock formations underground
侵入, 侵入体
(geology) the fine-grained material surrounding larger rock fragments or grains within a sedimentary rock
マトリックス, 基質
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