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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Historické společnosti a ekonomické systémy

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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
feudalism
feudalism
[Podstatné jméno]

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

feudalismus, lenní systém

feudalismus, lenní systém

Ex: Feudalism structured medieval society into distinct classes with lords and vassals. 
colonialism
colonialism
[Podstatné jméno]

the practice or policy of a nation controlling or ruling over foreign territories, often exploiting them economically and politically

kolonialismus, koloniální politika

kolonialismus, koloniální politika

Ex: The country's history is marked by centuries of colonialism. 
sovereignty
sovereignty
[Podstatné jméno]

the supreme authority of a state or governing body to govern itself without interference from external forces

suverenita, nejvyšší autorita

suverenita, nejvyšší autorita

Ex: The nation asserted its sovereignty by establishing its own laws and governance structure independent of foreign influence. 
anthropology
anthropology
[Podstatné jméno]

the study of the origins and developments of the human race and its societies and cultures

antropologie

antropologie

Ex: Sarah decided to major in anthropology to study the diverse cultures and societies around the world. 
nomad
nomad
[Podstatné jméno]

a person or group that moves from place to place, usually in search of food, water, or pasture, rather than living permanently in one location

nomád, tulák

nomád, tulák

Ex: The nomads traveled across the desert with their herds. 
toolmaker
toolmaker
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who makes or repairs tools, often for industrial or mechanical use

nástrojař, výrobce nástrojů

nástrojař, výrobce nástrojů

Ex: The toolmaker crafted custom wrenches for the factory. 
to barter
to barter
[sloveso]

to exchange goods or services without using money

barter, vyměňovat

barter, vyměňovat

Ex: In the early days, people would barter livestock for essential goods. 
to settle
to settle
[sloveso]

to go and reside in a place as a permanent home

usadit se, usídlit se

usadit se, usídlit se

Ex: After years of traveling, they decided to settle in a quiet village in the countryside. 
epoch
epoch
[Podstatné jméno]

a period of time in history or someone's life, during which significant events happen

epocha, éra

epocha, éra

Ex: The Renaissance was an epoch of great cultural and artistic achievements in Europe. 
hunter-gatherer
hunter-gatherer
[Podstatné jméno]

a member of a society that survives by hunting animals, fishing, and gathering wild plants rather than practicing agriculture

lovec-sběrač, lovec-sběrač

lovec-sběrač, lovec-sběrač

Ex: Early humans were hunter-gatherers before the advent of farming. 
folklore
folklore
[Podstatné jméno]

the traditional beliefs, customs, stories, and legends of a particular community, usually passed down through generations by word of mouth

folklór, lidové tradice

folklór, lidové tradice

Ex: Folklore encompasses a wide range of cultural expressions, including myths, legends, fairy tales, folk songs, and folk dances. 
torch
torch
[Podstatné jméno]

a handheld portable light source that uses a flame to lighten a place

pochodeň, baterka

pochodeň, baterka

Ex: He lit a torch to explore the dark cave. 
sedentism
sedentism
[Podstatné jméno]

the practice of living in one place for a long time rather than moving around

usedlost, sedentarismus

usedlost, sedentarismus

Ex: Sedentism began to spread with the rise of agriculture. 
mercantilism
mercantilism
[Podstatné jméno]

the idea that a country becomes richer and stronger by selling more goods to other countries than it buys, and by controlling trade through government rules

merkantilismus, obchodní systém

merkantilismus, obchodní systém

Ex: Mercantilism encouraged colonial expansion for resources. 
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