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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Historische Samenlevingen en Economische Systemen

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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
feudalism
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

feodalisme, leenstelsel

feodalisme, leenstelsel

Ex: The concept of feudalism shaped the political and economic systems of medieval kingdoms .Het concept van **feodalisme** vormde de politieke en economische systemen van middeleeuwse koninkrijken.
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colonialism
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the practice or policy of a nation controlling or ruling over foreign territories, often exploiting them economically and politically

kolonialisme, koloniaal beleid

kolonialisme, koloniaal beleid

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sovereignty
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the supreme authority of a state or governing body to govern itself without interference from external forces

soevereiniteit, opperste gezag

soevereiniteit, opperste gezag

Ex: The diplomatic negotiations aimed to find a compromise that respected the sovereignty of both nations involved .De diplomatieke onderhandelingen waren gericht op het vinden van een compromis dat de **soevereiniteit** van beide betrokken naties respecteerde.
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anthropology
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the study of the origins and developments of the human race and its societies and cultures

antropologie

antropologie

Ex: Biological anthropology explores human evolution , genetics , and physical adaptations through the study of fossils , primates , and modern human populations .Biologische **antropologie** onderzoekt menselijke evolutie, genetica en fysieke aanpassingen door de studie van fossielen, primaten en moderne menselijke populaties.
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nomad
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a person or group that moves from place to place, usually in search of food, water, or pasture, rather than living permanently in one location

nomade, zwerver

nomade, zwerver

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toolmaker
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a person who makes or repairs tools, often for industrial or mechanical use

gereedschapsmaker, instrumentenbouwer

gereedschapsmaker, instrumentenbouwer

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to barter
[werkwoord]

to exchange goods or services without using money

ruilen, barteren

ruilen, barteren

Ex: Communities near rivers often bartered fish and other aquatic resources for agricultural produce .Gemeenschappen bij rivieren **ruilden** vaak vis en andere waterbronnen voor landbouwproducten.
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to settle
[werkwoord]

to go and reside in a place as a permanent home

zich vestigen, gaan wonen

zich vestigen, gaan wonen

Ex: The couple finally decided to settle in the small, historic neighborhood they had always admired.Het paar besloot uiteindelijk om zich te **vestigen** in de kleine, historische buurt die ze altijd hadden bewonderd.
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epoch
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a period of time in history or someone's life, during which significant events happen

tijdperk, epoche

tijdperk, epoche

Ex: The Civil Rights Movement was an epoch of profound social change and progress in the United States .De burgerrechtenbeweging was een **tijdperk** van diepgaande sociale verandering en vooruitgang in de Verenigde Staten.
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hunter-gatherer
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a member of a society that survives by hunting animals, fishing, and gathering wild plants rather than practicing agriculture

jager-verzamelaar, jager-verzamelaar

jager-verzamelaar, jager-verzamelaar

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folklore
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the traditional beliefs, customs, stories, and legends of a particular community, usually passed down through generations by word of mouth

folklore, volkstradities

folklore, volkstradities

Ex: Folklore can also evolve over time , adapting to changes in society and incorporating new influences while retaining its essential character and meaning .**Folklore** kan zich ook in de loop van de tijd ontwikkelen, zich aanpassen aan veranderingen in de samenleving en nieuwe invloeden opnemen terwijl het zijn essentiële karakter en betekenis behoudt.
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torch
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a handheld portable light source that uses a flame to lighten a place

fakkel, zaklamp

fakkel, zaklamp

Ex: A torch burned at the entrance of the ancient temple .Een **fakkel** brandde bij de ingang van de oude tempel.
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sedentism
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the practice of living in one place for a long time rather than moving around

sedentarisme, sedentaire levensstijl

sedentarisme, sedentaire levensstijl

Ex: Sedentism marked a major change in human society.**Sedentisme** markeerde een grote verandering in de menselijke samenleving.
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mercantilism
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the idea that a country becomes richer and stronger by selling more goods to other countries than it buys, and by controlling trade through government rules

mercantilisme, handelssysteem

mercantilisme, handelssysteem

Ex: The decline of mercantilism gave rise to free market ideas .De achteruitgang van het **mercantilisme** leidde tot het ontstaan van vrije marktideeën.
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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
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