Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - جوامع تاریخی و نظام‌های اقتصادی

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

the practice or policy of a nation controlling or ruling over foreign territories, often exploiting them economically and politically

the supreme authority of a state or governing body to govern itself without interference from external forces

the study of the origins and developments of the human race and its societies and cultures

a person or group that moves from place to place, usually in search of food, water, or pasture, rather than living permanently in one location

a person who makes or repairs tools, often for industrial or mechanical use

to exchange goods or services without using money

to go and reside in a place as a permanent home

a period of time in history or someone's life, during which significant events happen

a member of a society that survives by hunting animals, fishing, and gathering wild plants rather than practicing agriculture

the traditional beliefs, customs, stories, and legends of a particular community, usually passed down through generations by word of mouth

a handheld portable light source that uses a flame to lighten a place

the practice of living in one place for a long time rather than moving around

the idea that a country becomes richer and stronger by selling more goods to other countries than it buys, and by controlling trade through government rules