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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Makasaysayang Lipunan at mga Sistemang Pang-ekonomiya

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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
feudalism
[Pangngalan]

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

pyudalismo, sistemang pyudal

pyudalismo, sistemang pyudal

Ex: The concept of feudalism shaped the political and economic systems of medieval kingdoms .Ang konsepto ng **pyudalismo** ang humubog sa mga sistemang pampulitika at pang-ekonomiya ng mga kaharian noong medieval.
colonialism
[Pangngalan]

the practice or policy of a nation controlling or ruling over foreign territories, often exploiting them economically and politically

kolonyalismo, patakarang kolonyal

kolonyalismo, patakarang kolonyal

sovereignty
[Pangngalan]

the supreme authority of a state or governing body to govern itself without interference from external forces

soberanya, kataas-taasang kapangyarihan

soberanya, kataas-taasang kapangyarihan

Ex: The diplomatic negotiations aimed to find a compromise that respected the sovereignty of both nations involved .Ang diplomatikong negosasyon ay naglalayong makahanap ng kompromiso na gumagalang sa **soberanya** ng parehong bansa na kasangkot.
anthropology
[Pangngalan]

the study of the origins and developments of the human race and its societies and cultures

antropolohiya

antropolohiya

Ex: Biological anthropology explores human evolution , genetics , and physical adaptations through the study of fossils , primates , and modern human populations .Ang biyolohikal na **antropolohiya** ay nag-explore sa ebolusyon ng tao, genetika, at pisikal na mga adaptasyon sa pamamagitan ng pag-aaral ng mga fossil, primate, at modernong populasyon ng tao.
nomad
[Pangngalan]

a person or group that moves from place to place, usually in search of food, water, or pasture, rather than living permanently in one location

nomad, lagalag

nomad, lagalag

toolmaker
[Pangngalan]

a person who makes or repairs tools, often for industrial or mechanical use

tagagawa ng kasangkapan, manggagawa ng kagamitan

tagagawa ng kasangkapan, manggagawa ng kagamitan

to barter
[Pandiwa]

to exchange goods or services without using money

barter, magpalitan

barter, magpalitan

Ex: Communities near rivers often bartered fish and other aquatic resources for agricultural produce .Ang mga komunidad malapit sa mga ilog ay madalas na **nagpapalitan** ng isda at iba pang yamang tubig para sa mga produktong agrikultural.
to settle
[Pandiwa]

to go and reside in a place as a permanent home

manirahan, tumira

manirahan, tumira

Ex: The couple finally decided to settle in the small, historic neighborhood they had always admired.Sa wakas ay nagpasya ang mag-asawa na **manirahan** sa maliit, makasaysayang kapitbahayan na kanilang laging hinangaan.
epoch
[Pangngalan]

a period of time in history or someone's life, during which significant events happen

panahon, epoka

panahon, epoka

Ex: The Civil Rights Movement was an epoch of profound social change and progress in the United States .Ang Kilusang Karapatang Sibil ay isang **panahon** ng malalim na pagbabago sa lipunan at pag-unlad sa Estados Unidos.
hunter-gatherer
[Pangngalan]

a member of a society that survives by hunting animals, fishing, and gathering wild plants rather than practicing agriculture

mangangaso-mangangalap, mangangaso-mangangalap

mangangaso-mangangalap, mangangaso-mangangalap

folklore
[Pangngalan]

the traditional beliefs, customs, stories, and legends of a particular community, usually passed down through generations by word of mouth

pamana, kaugaliang bayan

pamana, kaugaliang bayan

Ex: Folklore can also evolve over time , adapting to changes in society and incorporating new influences while retaining its essential character and meaning .Ang **folklore** ay maaari ring magbago sa paglipas ng panahon, umaangkop sa mga pagbabago sa lipunan at nagsasama ng mga bagong impluwensya habang pinapanatili ang mahalagang katangian at kahulugan nito.
torch
[Pangngalan]

a handheld portable light source that uses a flame to lighten a place

sulo, torch

sulo, torch

Ex: A torch burned at the entrance of the ancient temple .Isang **sulo** ang nasusunog sa pasukan ng sinaunang templo.
sedentism
[Pangngalan]

the practice of living in one place for a long time rather than moving around

paninirahan sa isang lugar, sedentaryong pamumuhay

paninirahan sa isang lugar, sedentaryong pamumuhay

Ex: Sedentism marked a major change in human society.Ang **sedentism** ay nagmarka ng isang malaking pagbabago sa lipunan ng tao.
mercantilism
[Pangngalan]

the idea that a country becomes richer and stronger by selling more goods to other countries than it buys, and by controlling trade through government rules

merkantilismo, sistemang pangkalakalan

merkantilismo, sistemang pangkalakalan

Ex: The decline of mercantilism gave rise to free market ideas .Ang paghina ng **mercantilismo** ay nagbigay-daan sa mga ideya ng libreng pamilihan.
Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
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