Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Społeczeństwa historyczne i systemy gospodarcze
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a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him
feudalizm, system feudalny
the practice or policy of a nation controlling or ruling over foreign territories, often exploiting them economically and politically
kolonializm, polityka kolonialna
the supreme authority of a state or governing body to govern itself without interference from external forces
suwerenność, najwyższa władza
the study of the origins and developments of the human race and its societies and cultures
antropologia
a person or group that moves from place to place, usually in search of food, water, or pasture, rather than living permanently in one location
nomada, wędrowiec
a person who makes or repairs tools, often for industrial or mechanical use
narzędziownik, wytwórca narzędzi
to exchange goods or services without using money
barter, wymieniać
to go and reside in a place as a permanent home
osiedlić się, zadomowić się
a period of time in history or someone's life, during which significant events happen
epoka, era
a member of a society that survives by hunting animals, fishing, and gathering wild plants rather than practicing agriculture
łowca-zbieracz, łowca-zbieracz
the traditional beliefs, customs, stories, and legends of a particular community, usually passed down through generations by word of mouth
folklor, tradycje ludowe
a handheld portable light source that uses a flame to lighten a place
pochodnia, latarka
the practice of living in one place for a long time rather than moving around
osiadłość, sendentaryzm
the idea that a country becomes richer and stronger by selling more goods to other countries than it buys, and by controlling trade through government rules
merkantylizm, system handlowy
