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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Historiska Samhällen och Ekonomiska System

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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
feudalism
[Substantiv]

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

feodalism, feodalt system

feodalism, feodalt system

Ex: The concept of feudalism shaped the political and economic systems of medieval kingdoms .Begreppet **feodalism** formade de politiska och ekonomiska systemen i medeltida kungadömen.
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colonialism
[Substantiv]

the practice or policy of a nation controlling or ruling over foreign territories, often exploiting them economically and politically

kolonialism, kolonial politik

kolonialism, kolonial politik

Ex: Colonialism involved the establishment of settlements and administration abroad .**Kolonialismen** innefattade etableringen av bosättningar och administration utomlands.
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sovereignty
[Substantiv]

the supreme authority of a state or governing body to govern itself without interference from external forces

suveränitet, högsta auktoritet

suveränitet, högsta auktoritet

Ex: The diplomatic negotiations aimed to find a compromise that respected the sovereignty of both nations involved .De diplomatiska förhandlingarna syftade till att hitta en kompromiss som respekterade båda inblandade nationernas **suveränitet**.
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anthropology
[Substantiv]

the study of the origins and developments of the human race and its societies and cultures

antropologi

antropologi

Ex: Biological anthropology explores human evolution , genetics , and physical adaptations through the study of fossils , primates , and modern human populations .Biologisk **antropologi** utforskar mänsklig evolution, genetik och fysiska anpassningar genom studier av fossil, primater och moderna mänskliga populationer.
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nomad
[Substantiv]

a person or group that moves from place to place, usually in search of food, water, or pasture, rather than living permanently in one location

nomad, vandrare

nomad, vandrare

Ex: Nomads often rely on livestock for their sustenance .**Nomader** förlitar sig ofta på boskap för sitt uppehälle.
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toolmaker
[Substantiv]

a person who makes or repairs tools, often for industrial or mechanical use

verktygstillverkare, instrumentmakare

verktygstillverkare, instrumentmakare

Ex: Toolmakers often work with metal and specialized machinery .**Verktygstillverkare** arbetar ofta med metall och specialiserade maskiner.
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to barter
[Verb]

to exchange goods or services without using money

byteshandel, byta

byteshandel, byta

Ex: Communities near rivers often bartered fish and other aquatic resources for agricultural produce .Samhällen nära floder **bytte** ofta fisk och andra vattenresurser mot jordbruksprodukter.
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to settle
[Verb]

to go and reside in a place as a permanent home

bosätta sig, slå sig ner

bosätta sig, slå sig ner

Ex: The couple finally decided to settle in the small, historic neighborhood they had always admired.Paret bestämde sig slutligen för att **bosätta sig** i det lilla, historiska kvarter de alltid hade beundrat.
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epoch
[Substantiv]

a period of time in history or someone's life, during which significant events happen

epok, era

epok, era

Ex: The Civil Rights Movement was an epoch of profound social change and progress in the United States .Medborgarrättsrörelsen var en **epok** av djup social förändring och framsteg i USA.
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hunter-gatherer
[Substantiv]

a member of a society that survives by hunting animals, fishing, and gathering wild plants rather than practicing agriculture

jägare-samlare, jägare-samlare

jägare-samlare, jägare-samlare

Ex: Hunter-gatherer diets depended heavily on seasonal availability .**Jägare-samlare** kost var starkt beroende av säsongsbunden tillgänglighet.
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folklore
[Substantiv]

the traditional beliefs, customs, stories, and legends of a particular community, usually passed down through generations by word of mouth

folklore, folkliga traditioner

folklore, folkliga traditioner

Ex: Folklore can also evolve over time , adapting to changes in society and incorporating new influences while retaining its essential character and meaning .**Folklore** kan också utvecklas över tid, anpassa sig till förändringar i samhället och inkorporera nya influenser samtidigt som den behåller sin väsentliga karaktär och betydelse.
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torch
[Substantiv]

a handheld portable light source that uses a flame to lighten a place

fackla, ficklampa

fackla, ficklampa

Ex: A torch burned at the entrance of the ancient temple .En **fackla** brann vid ingången till det antika templet.
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sedentism
[Substantiv]

the practice of living in one place for a long time rather than moving around

sedentär livsstil, bosättning

sedentär livsstil, bosättning

Ex: Sedentism marked a major change in human society.**Sedentism** markerade en stor förändring i det mänskliga samhället.
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mercantilism
[Substantiv]

the idea that a country becomes richer and stronger by selling more goods to other countries than it buys, and by controlling trade through government rules

merkantilism, handelssystem

merkantilism, handelssystem

Ex: The decline of mercantilism gave rise to free market ideas .**Merkantilismens** tillbakagång gav upphov till fria marknadsidéer.
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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
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