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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Sociedades Históricas e Sistemas Econômicos

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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
feudalism
[substantivo]

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

feudalidade, feudalismo

feudalidade, feudalismo

Ex: The concept of feudalism shaped the political and economic systems of medieval kingdoms .O conceito de **feudalismo** moldou os sistemas políticos e econômicos dos reinos medievais.
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colonialism
[substantivo]

the practice or policy of a nation controlling or ruling over foreign territories, often exploiting them economically and politically

colonialismo, política colonial

colonialismo, política colonial

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sovereignty
[substantivo]

the supreme authority of a state or governing body to govern itself without interference from external forces

soberania, autoridade suprema

soberania, autoridade suprema

Ex: The diplomatic negotiations aimed to find a compromise that respected the sovereignty of both nations involved .As negociações diplomáticas visavam encontrar um compromisso que respeitasse a **soberania** de ambas as nações envolvidas.
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anthropology
[substantivo]

the study of the origins and developments of the human race and its societies and cultures

antropologia

antropologia

Ex: Biological anthropology explores human evolution , genetics , and physical adaptations through the study of fossils , primates , and modern human populations .A **antropologia** biológica explora a evolução humana, a genética e as adaptações físicas através do estudo de fósseis, primatas e populações humanas modernas.
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nomad
[substantivo]

a person or group that moves from place to place, usually in search of food, water, or pasture, rather than living permanently in one location

nômade, errante

nômade, errante

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toolmaker
[substantivo]

a person who makes or repairs tools, often for industrial or mechanical use

ferramenteiro, fabricante de ferramentas

ferramenteiro, fabricante de ferramentas

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to barter
[verbo]

to exchange goods or services without using money

escambo, trocar

escambo, trocar

Ex: Communities near rivers often bartered fish and other aquatic resources for agricultural produce .As comunidades próximas aos rios frequentemente **trocavam** peixe e outros recursos aquáticos por produtos agrícolas.
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to settle
[verbo]

to go and reside in a place as a permanent home

estabelecer-se, assentar

estabelecer-se, assentar

Ex: The couple finally decided to settle in the small, historic neighborhood they had always admired.O casal finalmente decidiu **se estabelecer** no pequeno bairro histórico que sempre admiraram.
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epoch
[substantivo]

a period of time in history or someone's life, during which significant events happen

época, era

época, era

Ex: The Civil Rights Movement was an epoch of profound social change and progress in the United States .O Movimento dos Direitos Civis foi uma **época** de profunda mudança social e progresso nos Estados Unidos.
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hunter-gatherer
[substantivo]

a member of a society that survives by hunting animals, fishing, and gathering wild plants rather than practicing agriculture

caçador-coletor, caçador-coletor

caçador-coletor, caçador-coletor

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folklore
[substantivo]

the traditional beliefs, customs, stories, and legends of a particular community, usually passed down through generations by word of mouth

folclore, tradições populares

folclore, tradições populares

Ex: Folklore can also evolve over time , adapting to changes in society and incorporating new influences while retaining its essential character and meaning .O **folclore** também pode evoluir com o tempo, adaptando-se às mudanças na sociedade e incorporando novas influências, mantendo seu caráter e significado essenciais.
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torch
[substantivo]

a handheld portable light source that uses a flame to lighten a place

tocha, archote

tocha, archote

Ex: A torch burned at the entrance of the ancient temple .Uma **tocha** queimava na entrada do antigo templo.
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sedentism
[substantivo]

the practice of living in one place for a long time rather than moving around

sedentarismo, sedentariedade

sedentarismo, sedentariedade

Ex: Sedentism marked a major change in human society.O **sedentarismo** marcou uma grande mudança na sociedade humana.
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mercantilism
[substantivo]

the idea that a country becomes richer and stronger by selling more goods to other countries than it buys, and by controlling trade through government rules

mercantilismo, sistema mercantil

mercantilismo, sistema mercantil

Ex: The decline of mercantilism gave rise to free market ideas .O declínio do **mercantilismo** deu origem às ideias de livre mercado.
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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
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