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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Sociedades históricas y sistemas económicos

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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
feudalism
[Sustantivo]

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

feudalismo

feudalismo

Ex: The concept of feudalism shaped the political and economic systems of medieval kingdoms .El concepto de **feudalismo** dio forma a los sistemas políticos y económicos de los reinos medievales.
colonialism
[Sustantivo]

the practice or policy of a nation controlling or ruling over foreign territories, often exploiting them economically and politically

colonialismo

colonialismo

sovereignty
[Sustantivo]

the supreme authority of a state or governing body to govern itself without interference from external forces

soberanía, autoridad suprema

soberanía, autoridad suprema

Ex: The diplomatic negotiations aimed to find a compromise that respected the sovereignty of both nations involved .Las negociaciones diplomáticas tenían como objetivo encontrar un compromiso que respetara la **soberanía** de ambas naciones involucradas.
anthropology
[Sustantivo]

the study of the origins and developments of the human race and its societies and cultures

antropología

antropología

Ex: Biological anthropology explores human evolution , genetics , and physical adaptations through the study of fossils , primates , and modern human populations .La **antropología** biológica explora la evolución humana, la genética y las adaptaciones físicas a través del estudio de fósiles, primates y poblaciones humanas modernas.
nomad
[Sustantivo]

a person or group that moves from place to place, usually in search of food, water, or pasture, rather than living permanently in one location

nómada

nómada

toolmaker
[Sustantivo]

a person who makes or repairs tools, often for industrial or mechanical use

herramentista, fabricante de herramientas

herramentista, fabricante de herramientas

to barter
[Verbo]

to exchange goods or services without using money

trocar

trocar

Ex: Communities near rivers often bartered fish and other aquatic resources for agricultural produce .Las comunidades cercanas a los ríos a menudo **truecaban** pescado y otros recursos acuáticos por productos agrícolas.
to settle
[Verbo]

to go and reside in a place as a permanent home

establecerse, instalarse

establecerse, instalarse

Ex: The couple finally decided to settle in the small, historic neighborhood they had always admired.La pareja finalmente decidió **establecerse** en el pequeño barrio histórico que siempre habían admirado.
epoch
[Sustantivo]

a period of time in history or someone's life, during which significant events happen

época

época

Ex: The Civil Rights Movement was an epoch of profound social change and progress in the United States .El movimiento por los derechos civiles fue una **época** de profundo cambio social y progreso en los Estados Unidos.
hunter-gatherer
[Sustantivo]

a member of a society that survives by hunting animals, fishing, and gathering wild plants rather than practicing agriculture

cazador-recolector, cazador-recolector

cazador-recolector, cazador-recolector

folklore
[Sustantivo]

the traditional beliefs, customs, stories, and legends of a particular community, usually passed down through generations by word of mouth

folklore

folklore

Ex: Folklore can also evolve over time , adapting to changes in society and incorporating new influences while retaining its essential character and meaning .El **folclore** también puede evolucionar con el tiempo, adaptándose a los cambios en la sociedad e incorporando nuevas influencias mientras conserva su carácter y significado esenciales.
torch
[Sustantivo]

a handheld portable light source that uses a flame to lighten a place

antorcha, hacha

antorcha, hacha

Ex: A torch burned at the entrance of the ancient temple .Una **antorcha** ardía en la entrada del antiguo templo.
sedentism
[Sustantivo]

the practice of living in one place for a long time rather than moving around

sedentarismo, sedentaridad

sedentarismo, sedentaridad

Ex: Sedentism marked a major change in human society.El **sedentarismo** marcó un cambio importante en la sociedad humana.
mercantilism
[Sustantivo]

the idea that a country becomes richer and stronger by selling more goods to other countries than it buys, and by controlling trade through government rules

mercantilismo, sistema mercantil

mercantilismo, sistema mercantil

Ex: The decline of mercantilism gave rise to free market ideas .El declive del **mercantilismo** dio lugar a las ideas de libre mercado.
Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
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