pattern

Věda ACT - Zemědělství a Lesnictví

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související se zemědělstvím a lesnictvím, jako je "hyfa", "proso", "opadavý" atd., která vám pomohou uspět u vašich ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
to harvest
to harvest
[sloveso]

to cut and collect a crop

sklízet, žnout

sklízet, žnout

Ex: The farmers harvest wheat in late summer when the grains are fully ripe. 
to cultivate
to cultivate
[sloveso]

to grow plants or crops, especially for farming or commercial purposes

pěstovat, obdělávat

pěstovat, obdělávat

Ex: The farm cultivates wheat to supply local bakeries. 
fertilizer
fertilizer
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical or natural material that is added to the soil to improve its productivity and help plants grow

hnojivo, přípravek na zlepšení půdy

hnojivo, přípravek na zlepšení půdy

Ex: The gardener added fertilizer to the soil to help the plants grow strong and healthy. 
irrigation
irrigation
[Podstatné jméno]

the artificial application of water to land or soil to assist in the growing of crops and the maintenance of landscapes

zavlažování, irigace

zavlažování, irigace

Ex: Modern irrigation techniques have significantly increased agricultural productivity in arid regions. 
precipitation
precipitation
[Podstatné jméno]

the amount of water falling to a particular location over a specified period

srážky, množství srážek

srážky, množství srážek

Ex: Annual precipitation in the region averages 1200 mm. 
to yield
to yield
[sloveso]

(of a farm or an industry) to grow or produce a crop or product

produkovat, dávat

produkovat, dávat

Ex: The apple orchard typically yields a bountiful harvest each year. 
semi-arid
semi-arid
[Přídavné jméno]

characterized by receiving very little rainfall, often with erratic precipitation patterns and a tendency towards drought conditions, but not as extreme as arid climates

Ex: The semiarid region experiences frequent droughts due to its low and unpredictable rainfall. 
coniferous
coniferous
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to trees with hard and dry fruits called cones and needle-shaped leaves

jehličnatý, šiškatý

jehličnatý, šiškatý

deciduous
deciduous
[Přídavné jméno]

(of plants) annually losing leaves

opadavý

opadavý

Ex: The deciduous trees turned orange in autumn. 
silviculture
silviculture
[Podstatné jméno]

the practice of cultivating and managing forests, including the planting, growth, and harvesting of trees for timber production and ecosystem maintenance

lesnictví, hospodaření v lesích

lesnictví, hospodaření v lesích

Ex: Silviculture techniques aim to enhance forest health and productivity while ensuring sustainable timber yields. 
sharecropping
sharecropping
[Podstatné jméno]

an agricultural system where landowners allow tenants to use the land in exchange for a share of the crops produced

podílnictví, nájemné za podíl na úrodě

podílnictví, nájemné za podíl na úrodě

to plow
to plow
[sloveso]

to use a large farming equipment to dig the ground and make it ready for farming

orat, obdělávat půdu

orat, obdělávat půdu

Ex: The farmer plows the field in the spring to prepare for planting crops. 
precision agriculture
precision agriculture
[Podstatné jméno]

a farming approach that uses technology to optimize crop production by precisely managing resources like water, fertilizer, and pesticides

přesné zemědělství, precizní zemědělství

přesné zemědělství, precizní zemědělství

agropastoralism
agropastoralism
[Podstatné jméno]

a farming system that combines agriculture with livestock grazing, where both activities are practiced on the same land

agropastoralismus, agropastorální systém

agropastoralismus, agropastorální systém

organic
organic
[Přídavné jméno]

(of food or farming techniques) produced or done without any artificial or chemical substances

ekologický, organický

ekologický, organický

Ex: Organic farming relies on natural methods and avoids the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. 
insecticide
insecticide
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical substance or agent that is used to kill or control insects that can cause harm to humans, crops, animals, and structures

insekticid, prostředek proti hmyzu

insekticid, prostředek proti hmyzu

Ex: The gardener sprayed insecticide on the rose bushes to protect them from aphids. 
pesticide
pesticide
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of chemical substance that is used for killing insects or small animals that damage food or crops

pesticid, insekticid

pesticid, insekticid

Ex: The farmer applied pesticide to protect his crops from harmful insects. 
to terrace
to terrace
[sloveso]

to create stepped levels or flat areas on sloped land to prevent erosion and make the land suitable for farming or forestry

terasovat, vytvářet terasy

terasovat, vytvářet terasy

Ex: Farmers in mountainous regions often terrace their land to grow crops efficiently. 
to hoe
to hoe
[sloveso]

to break up the surface of the ground, remove weeds, etc. using a gardening tool with a thin metal blade attached to a long handle

okopávat, plevelit

okopávat, plevelit

to till
to till
[sloveso]

to prepare the soil for planting by digging, stirring, or turning it over using a tool such as a plow or a tiller

obdělávat, orat

obdělávat, orat

Ex: He tills the garden every spring to loosen the soil and remove weeds. 
herbicide
herbicide
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical substance that kills plants, used for destroying plants that are not wanted

herbicid

herbicid

Ex: Farmers use herbicides to control weeds and improve crop yields. 
manure
manure
[Podstatné jméno]

solid waste from animals spread on a piece of land to help plants and crops grow healthier and stronger

hnůj, statkové hnojivo

hnůj, statkové hnojivo

compost
compost
[Podstatné jméno]

decayed leaves, plants, or other organic waste turned into a mixture that can improve the soil's quality and productivity once added to it

kompost, organické hnojivo

kompost, organické hnojivo

Ex: In early spring, Maria spread a two-inch layer of compost over her raised beds to boost vegetable yields. 
to weed
to weed
[sloveso]

to rid a garden or other area of land of unwanted plants

plevelit, odstraňovat plevel

plevelit, odstraňovat plevel

Ex: She weeds the flower beds every weekend to keep them tidy and healthy. 
mulch
mulch
[Podstatné jméno]

a protective layer of decaying leaves or compost that is spread over or around a plant to improve the quality of the soil, stop weeds from growing, or to provide protection for the plant's base and its roots

mulč, nastýlka

mulč, nastýlka

to cross
to cross
[sloveso]

to deliberately mate individuals of different breeds or varieties to produce offspring with desirable characteristics or traits

křížit, hybridizovat

křížit, hybridizovat

Ex: Responsible dog breeders may cross purebred dogs to introduce genetic diversity. 
blight
blight
[Podstatné jméno]

a plant disease that causes withering, discoloration, or death without immediate rotting

uvadání, spála

uvadání, spála

Ex: The tomato plants showed signs of blight, with curled leaves and brown spots. 
prairie
prairie
[Podstatné jméno]

a flat, wide area of land with no or very few trees in North America

prérie, pláň

prérie, pláň

infestation
infestation
[Podstatné jméno]

the presence of large numbers of harmful insects, pests, or other organisms in an area, often causing damage to crops, trees, or natural environments

napadení, invaze

napadení, invaze

Ex: The farmer discovered an infestation of locusts that threatened to destroy his entire crop. 
agrarian
agrarian
[Přídavné jméno]

related to agriculture, farmers, or rural life

agrární, zemědělský

agrární, zemědělský

Ex: The agrarian community relies on farming as the main source of livelihood. 
granary
granary
[Podstatné jméno]

a place used for storing grains or farm food

sýpka, silo

sýpka, silo

hydroponics
hydroponics
[Podstatné jméno]

a method of growing plants without soil, using nutrient-rich water solutions

hydroponie, metoda pěstování rostlin bez půdy

hydroponie, metoda pěstování rostlin bez půdy

Ex: Hydroponics allows for efficient cultivation of vegetables in urban environments. 
eutrophication
eutrophication
[Podstatné jméno]

the excessive nutrients in water causing algae blooms, oxygen depletion, and ecological problems

eutrofizace, nadměrné obohacení živinami

eutrofizace, nadměrné obohacení živinami

Ex: Eutrophication in the lake resulted in a large algae bloom, reducing oxygen levels and harming fish populations. 
millet
millet
[Podstatné jméno]

small seeds of a large crop that grows in warm regions, used to feed birds or make flour

proso, proso

proso, proso

Ex: It was a cold winter evening, but I warmed up with a comforting bowl of millet and butternut squash soup. 
maize
maize
[Podstatné jméno]

a tall plant growing in Central America that produces yellow seeds, which are used in cooking

kukuřice, kukuřičné klasy

kukuřice, kukuřičné klasy

Ex: As the summer sun set, a family gathered in the backyard, grilling maize skewers alongside juicy grilled meats. 
squash
squash
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of edible plants that are typically harvested and cooked while still immature

dýně, cuketa

dýně, cuketa

Ex: He grew a beautiful yellow squash in his backyard garden and used it to make a delicious food. 
logging
logging
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of cutting down trees to use their wood

kácení stromů, těžba dřeva

kácení stromů, těžba dřeva

Ex: Logging in the area has led to widespread deforestation and loss of biodiversity. 
safflower
safflower
[Podstatné jméno]

a plant with bright orange or yellow flowers that produces seeds rich in oil

světlice barvířská, falešný šafrán

světlice barvířská, falešný šafrán

Ex: As the sun set, the fields of safflower swayed gently in the breeze, creating a picturesque scene. 
cauliflower
cauliflower
[Podstatné jméno]

the flower head of a plant from the cabbage family that is white in color and is eaten as a vegetable

květák, zelné květy

květák, zelné květy

Ex: We added cauliflower to our vegetable soup for an extra dose of nutrients. 
seedling
seedling
[Podstatné jméno]

a young plant that develops from a seed, typically in the early stages of growth after germination

sazenice, klíček

sazenice, klíček

Ex: The gardeners planted seedlings in the greenhouse to prepare them for transplantation. 
milfoil
milfoil
[Podstatné jméno]

aquatic plants with finely divided underwater leaves, found in freshwater habitats like lakes and ponds

stolístek, vodní rostlina s jemně dělenými ponořenými listy

stolístek, vodní rostlina s jemně dělenými ponořenými listy

Ex: The lake's ecosystem was affected by the rapid spread of milfoil, requiring management to control its growth. 
birch
birch
[Podstatné jméno]

a deciduous tree known for its smooth bark, typically found in temperate and boreal forests

bříza, bříza bělokorá

bříza, bříza bělokorá

Ex: The birch trees in the forest rustled gently in the breeze. 
infiltration
infiltration
[Podstatné jméno]

the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil, replenishing soil moisture and reducing runoff

infiltrace, pronikání vody do půdy

infiltrace, pronikání vody do půdy

duff
duff
[Podstatné jméno]

the layer of decomposing organic matter, such as leaves, twigs, and other plant material, that accumulates on the soil surface

opad, vrstva humusu

opad, vrstva humusu

hypha
hypha
[Podstatné jméno]

a thread-like structure found in fungi, consisting of a chain of cells that collectively form the fungal mycelium, essential for nutrient absorption and growth

hyfa, houbové vlákno

hyfa, houbové vlákno

Ex: The hyphae of the fungus spread rapidly through the soil, breaking down organic matter. 
asparagus
asparagus
[Podstatné jméno]

a long green vegetable with edible stems, used in cooking or eaten raw

chřest

chřest

Ex: I always look forward to spring when asparagus is in season. 
vermin
vermin
[Podstatné jméno]

small animals or insects that are believed to be destructive and are difficult to handle when they appear in a considerable number

škůdci, havěť

škůdci, havěť

Ex: After the flood, the basement was infested with vermin such as rats and cockroaches. 
wasteland
wasteland
[Podstatné jméno]

a barren area of land that is unsuitable for agriculture or habitation

pustina, neúrodná země

pustina, neúrodná země

Ex: The abandoned industrial site had turned into a wasteland over the years. 
gourd
gourd
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of fruit belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, typically with a hard outer shell, often used for containers, utensils, or as ornamental decorations

tykev, dýně

tykev, dýně

Ex: The farmers harvested gourds from the vine and used them to store water. 
radish
radish
[Podstatné jméno]

an edible root of red color with a pungent taste that is eaten raw in salads

ředkvička, červená ředkev

ředkvička, červená ředkev

Ex: My mother pickled radishes with vinegar and spices. 
hemlock
hemlock
[Podstatné jméno]

a tall evergreen tree with fine-grained wood, valued for construction and known for its dense foliage

tsuga, bolehlav

tsuga, bolehlav

Ex: The hemlock forest provided a dense canopy that shaded the forest floor. 
legume
legume
[Podstatné jméno]

any type of plant whose pods contain seeds, such as peas and beans

luskovina, luštěnina

luskovina, luštěnina

Ex: Chickpeas and lentils are common legumes used in vegetarian cooking. 
purslane
purslane
[Podstatné jméno]

a succulent herb with fleshy leaves, commonly used in salads and culinary dishes

šrucha, portulák

šrucha, portulák

Ex: She picked some fresh purslane from her garden and added it to her summer salad. 
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