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Věda ACT - Zemědělství a lesnictví

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související se zemědělstvím a lesnictvím, jako je „hypha“, „millet“, „deciduous“ atd., která vám pomohou zlepšit vaše ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
to harvest
[sloveso]

to cut and collect a crop

sklízet, odbírat

sklízet, odbírat

Ex: harvests carrots from the garden beds , pulling them from the soil .
to cultivate
[sloveso]

to grow plants or crops, especially for farming or commercial purposes

pěstovat, cultivovat

pěstovat, cultivovat

Ex: cultivate crops like corn and soybeans in the Midwest .
fertilizer
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical or natural material that is added to the soil to improve its productivity and help plants grow

hnojivo, přihnojování

hnojivo, přihnojování

Ex: fertilizer can harm plants , so it is important to follow the instructions .
irrigation
[Podstatné jméno]

the artificial application of water to land or soil to assist in the growing of crops and the maintenance of landscapes

zavlažování, irigace

zavlažování, irigace

Ex: irrigation practices are crucial for sustainable forestry and preventing soil erosion .
precipitation
[Podstatné jméno]

the amount of water, in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail, that falls to the ground, measured over a specific period and crucial for crop growth and forest health

srážky, úhrn srážek

srážky, úhrn srážek

Ex: precipitation data is vital for developing effective irrigation strategies .
to yield
[sloveso]

(of a farm or an industry) to grow or produce a crop or product

plodit, sklízet

plodit, sklízet

Ex: This yields high-quality grapes that are used to produce exceptional wines .
semiarid
[Přídavné jméno]

characterized by receiving very little rainfall, often with erratic precipitation patterns and a tendency towards drought conditions, but not as extreme as arid climates

polozasněný, polozasněné

polozasněný, polozasněné

Ex: Effective water management is crucial for sustainable development semiarid regions .
coniferous
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to trees with hard and dry fruits called cones and needle-shaped leaves

jehličnatý, bělový

jehličnatý, bělový

deciduous
[Přídavné jméno]

(of plants) annually losing leaves

opadavý, listnatý

opadavý, listnatý

silviculture
[Podstatné jméno]

the practice of cultivating and managing forests, including the planting, growth, and harvesting of trees for timber production and ecosystem maintenance

lesnictví, silvikultura

lesnictví, silvikultura

Ex: Silviculture plays a vital role in balancing economic interests with environmental conservation in forestry .
sharecropping
[Podstatné jméno]

an agricultural system where landowners allow tenants to use the land in exchange for a share of the crops produced

pacht, nájemní hospodaření

pacht, nájemní hospodaření

to plow
[sloveso]

to use a large farming equipment to dig the ground and make it ready for farming

orat, ryti

orat, ryti

Ex: The plow the field in straight rows to optimize planting efficiency .
precision agriculture
[Podstatné jméno]

a farming approach that uses technology to optimize crop production by precisely managing resources like water, fertilizer, and pesticides

precizní zemědělství, přesné zemědělství

precizní zemědělství, přesné zemědělství

agropastoralism
[Podstatné jméno]

a farming system that combines agriculture with livestock grazing, where both activities are practiced on the same land

agropastoralismus, agropastorální systém

agropastoralismus, agropastorální systém

organic
[Přídavné jméno]

(of food or farming techniques) produced or done without any artificial or chemical substances

organický, biologický

organický, biologický

Ex: The store has a wide selection organic snacks and beverages .
insecticide
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical substance or agent that is used to kill or control insects that can cause harm to humans, crops, animals, and structures

insekticid, pesticid

insekticid, pesticid

Ex: The house was treated insecticide to get rid of the ants that had invaded the kitchen .
pesticide
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of chemical substance that is used for killing insects or small animals that damage food or crops

pesticid, insekticid

pesticid, insekticid

Ex: Excessive use pesticides can harm beneficial insects and the environment .
to terrace
[sloveso]

to create stepped levels or flat areas on sloped land to prevent erosion and make the land suitable for farming or forestry

stupňovitě upravit, udělat terasy

stupňovitě upravit, udělat terasy

Ex: The reforestation project terracing the land to plant trees on the steep terrain .
to hoe
[sloveso]

to break up the surface of the ground, remove weeds, etc. using a gardening tool with a thin metal blade attached to a long handle

kypřit, přehnívat

kypřit, přehnívat

to till
[sloveso]

to prepare the soil for planting by digging, stirring, or turning it over using a tool such as a plow or a tiller

oral, kypřit

oral, kypřit

Ex: Tilling the soil before planting helps to improve drainage and root growth .
herbicide
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical substance that kills plants, used for destroying plants that are not wanted

herbicid, přípravek na hubení plevelů

herbicid, přípravek na hubení plevelů

Ex: Proper application herbicides is essential to prevent damage to non-target plants and ecosystems .
manure
[Podstatné jméno]

solid waste from animals spread on a piece of land to help plants and crops grow healthier and stronger

hnojivo, hnůj

hnojivo, hnůj

compost
[Podstatné jméno]

decayed leaves, plants, or other organic waste turned into a mixture that can improve the soil's quality and productivity once added to it

kompost, hnůj

kompost, hnůj

to weed
[sloveso]

to rid a garden or other area of land of unwanted plants

plevelit, odstranit plevel

plevelit, odstranit plevel

Ex: weeds the garden paths to keep them clear and accessible .
mulch
[Podstatné jméno]

a protective layer of decaying leaves or compost that is spread over or around a plant to improve the quality of the soil, stop weeds from growing, or to provide protection for the plant's base and its roots

mulč, mulčovací vrstva

mulč, mulčovací vrstva

to cross
[sloveso]

to deliberately mate individuals of different breeds or varieties to produce offspring with desirable characteristics or traits

Ex: The crossed two varieties of roses , resulting in a flower with a unique color .
blight
[Podstatné jméno]

any disease that causes a plant to wither and eventually dies

škůdce, houbová choroba

škůdce, houbová choroba

prairie
[Podstatné jméno]

a flat, wide area of land with no or very few trees in North America

pláň, step

pláň, step

infestation
[Podstatné jméno]

the presence of large numbers of harmful insects, pests, or other organisms in an area, often causing damage to crops, trees, or natural environments

nákaza, infekce

nákaza, infekce

Ex: Effective pest management strategies are crucial to infestation and protect crops .
agrarian
[Přídavné jméno]

related to agriculture, farmers, or rural life

zemědělský, agrální

zemědělský, agrální

Ex: agrarian landscape stretched for miles , with fields of crops as far as the eye could see .
granary
[Podstatné jméno]

a place used for storing grains or farm food

obilní sklad, zrnník

obilní sklad, zrnník

hydroponics
[Podstatné jméno]

a method of growing plants without soil, using nutrient-rich water solutions

hydroponie, hydroponické pěstování

hydroponie, hydroponické pěstování

Ex: The greenhouse hydroponics to grow a variety of herbs and greens .
eutrophication
[Podstatné jméno]

the excessive nutrients in water causing algae blooms, oxygen depletion, and ecological problems

eutrofizace, eutrofování

eutrofizace, eutrofování

Ex: Efforts to restore the lake 's health focus on reducing nutrient inputs to eutrophication.
millet
[Podstatné jméno]

small seeds of a large crop that grows in warm regions, used to feed birds or make flour

proso, millet

proso, millet

Ex: You can impress your guests with an elegant millet-stuffed bell pepper dish.
maize
[Podstatné jméno]

a tall plant growing in Central America that produces yellow seeds, which are used in cooking

kukuřice, kukuřičné zrno

kukuřice, kukuřičné zrno

Ex: In the school garden , the students proudly harvested maize they had planted .
squash
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of edible plants that are typically harvested and cooked while still immature

tykev, squash

tykev, squash

Ex: Squash adds a wonderful texture and sweetness to curries.
logging
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of cutting down trees to use their wood

těžba dřeva, lesní hospodářství

těžba dřeva, lesní hospodářství

Ex: The government imposed restrictions on logging to protect endangered species and their habitats.
safflower
[Podstatné jméno]

a plant with bright orange or yellow flowers that produces seeds rich in oil

saflor, saflorový květ

saflor, saflorový květ

Ex: She safflower in her garden , hoping to extract oil from the seeds for cooking purposes .
cauliflower
[Podstatné jméno]

the flower head of a plant from the cabbage family that is white in color and is eaten as a vegetable

květák, květina z kapusty

květák, květina z kapusty

Ex: She cauliflower florets with spices and olive oil until they were golden brown and crispy .
seedling
[Podstatné jméno]

a young plant that develops from a seed, typically in the early stages of growth after germination

sazenice, výhonek

sazenice, výhonek

Ex: Gardeners monitor the growth seedlings to ensure they are ready for outdoor conditions .
milfoil
[Podstatné jméno]

aquatic plants with finely divided underwater leaves, found in freshwater habitats like lakes and ponds

přítulka, řasnatka

přítulka, řasnatka

Ex: Researchers study the ecological interactions milfoil and other aquatic species to better understand its role in freshwater ecosystems .
birch
[Podstatné jméno]

a deciduous tree known for its smooth bark, typically found in temperate and boreal forests

březový strom, bříza

březový strom, bříza

Ex: The wood birch trees is prized for its strength and flexibility , ideal for making furniture and plywood .
infiltration
[Podstatné jméno]

the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil, replenishing soil moisture and reducing runoff

infiltrace, vsákávání

infiltrace, vsákávání

duff
[Podstatné jméno]

the layer of decomposing organic matter, such as leaves, twigs, and other plant material, that accumulates on the soil surface

humus, rozklad

humus, rozklad

hypha
[Podstatné jméno]

a thread-like structure found in fungi, consisting of a chain of cells that collectively form the fungal mycelium, essential for nutrient absorption and growth

hyfa, vláknito

hyfa, vláknito

Ex: hypha of the mold infiltrated the fruit , causing it to decay rapidly .
asparagus
[Podstatné jméno]

a long green vegetable with edible stems, used in cooking or eaten raw

chřest, asparágus

chřest, asparágus

Ex: Asparagus is a good source of vitamins and minerals, making it a healthy addition to any meal.
vermin
[Podstatné jméno]

small animals or insects that are believed to be destructive and are difficult to handle when they appear in a considerable number

škůdci, hlodavci

škůdci, hlodavci

Ex: During the medieval timesvermin like fleas and lice were rampant and often spread diseases .
wasteland
[Podstatné jméno]

a barren or unproductive area of land that is unsuitable for agriculture or habitation

poušť, pustina

poušť, pustina

Ex: The community garden initiative seeks to reclaim wasteland for productive use .
gourd
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of fruit belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, typically with a hard outer shell, often used for containers, utensils, or as ornamental decorations

tykev, dýně

tykev, dýně

Ex: Botanists gourds as a diverse group of plants , including pumpkins and squashes .
radish
[Podstatné jméno]

an edible root of red color with a pungent taste that is eaten raw in salads

ředkev, ředkevka

ředkev, ředkevka

Ex: She sliced radishes into thin rounds and added them to a fresh garden salad .
hemlock
[Podstatné jméno]

a tall evergreen tree with fine-grained wood, valued for construction and known for its dense foliage

jedlovec, smrk

jedlovec, smrk

Ex: Foresters hemlock stands to maintain biodiversity and sustainable logging practices .
legume
[Podstatné jméno]

any type of plant whose pods contain seeds, such as peas and beans

luštěnina, bob

luštěnina, bob

Ex: The dietitian recommended incorporating legumes into their meals for added protein and fiber .
purslane
[Podstatné jméno]

a succulent herb with fleshy leaves, commonly used in salads and culinary dishes

purslane, prostředník

purslane, prostředník

Ex: They bought a bunch purslane from the farmer 's market and used it as a garnish for their soup .
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