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a chemical or natural material that is added to the soil to improve its productivity and help plants grow
肥料, 化学肥料
the artificial application of water to land or soil to assist in the growing of crops and the maintenance of landscapes
灌漑
the amount of water, in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail, that falls to the ground, measured over a specific period and crucial for crop growth and forest health
降水量, 降水
characterized by receiving very little rainfall, often with erratic precipitation patterns and a tendency towards drought conditions, but not as extreme as arid climates
半乾燥の, 半乾燥の
relating to trees with hard and dry fruits called cones and needle-shaped leaves
針葉樹の, コンファー
the practice of cultivating and managing forests, including the planting, growth, and harvesting of trees for timber production and ecosystem maintenance
森林管理
an agricultural system where landowners allow tenants to use the land in exchange for a share of the crops produced
小作農制度, シェアクロッピング
to use a large farming equipment to dig the ground and make it ready for farming
耕す, 耕作する
a farming approach that uses technology to optimize crop production by precisely managing resources like water, fertilizer, and pesticides
精密農業, 精緻農業
a farming system that combines agriculture with livestock grazing, where both activities are practiced on the same land
農牧業, アグロパストラリズム
(of food or farming techniques) produced or done without any artificial or chemical substances
オーガニック, 有機
a chemical substance or agent that is used to kill or control insects that can cause harm to humans, crops, animals, and structures
殺虫剤
a type of chemical substance that is used for killing insects or small animals that damage food or crops
農薬, 殺虫剤
to create stepped levels or flat areas on sloped land to prevent erosion and make the land suitable for farming or forestry
テラスを作る, 段々畑にする
to break up the surface of the ground, remove weeds, etc. using a gardening tool with a thin metal blade attached to a long handle
鍬で耕す, 耕す
to prepare the soil for planting by digging, stirring, or turning it over using a tool such as a plow or a tiller
耕す, 土を耕す
a chemical substance that kills plants, used for destroying plants that are not wanted
除草剤
solid waste from animals spread on a piece of land to help plants and crops grow healthier and stronger
肥料, 糞便
decayed leaves, plants, or other organic waste turned into a mixture that can improve the soil's quality and productivity once added to it
堆肥, 有機肥料
a protective layer of decaying leaves or compost that is spread over or around a plant to improve the quality of the soil, stop weeds from growing, or to provide protection for the plant's base and its roots
マルチ, マルチング
a type of flowering plant that has a single cotyledon, or seed leaf, in its embryo, and typically features parallel leaf veins, flower parts in multiples of three, and fibrous root systems
単子葉植物, モノコット
to deliberately mate individuals of different breeds, races, or varieties to produce offspring with desirable characteristics or traits
交配する, 交雑させる
the presence of large numbers of harmful insects, pests, or other organisms in an area, often causing damage to crops, trees, or natural environments
害虫侵入, 感染
a method of growing plants without soil, using nutrient-rich water solutions
水耕栽培
the excessive nutrients in water causing algae blooms, oxygen depletion, and ecological problems
富栄養化, ユートロフィケーション
small seeds of a large crop that grows in warm regions, used to feed birds or make flour
ミレット, きび
a tall plant growing in Central America that produces yellow seeds, which are used in cooking
トウモロコシ
a group of edible plants that are typically harvested and cooked while still immature
ズッキーニ, スクワッシュ
a plant with bright orange or yellow flowers that produces seeds rich in oil
サフラワー
the flower head of a plant from the cabbage family that is white in color and is eaten as a vegetable
カリフラワー
a young plant that develops from a seed, typically in the early stages of growth after germination
苗, 幼芽
aquatic plants with finely divided underwater leaves, found in freshwater habitats like lakes and ponds
ミルフォイル, 水生植物
a deciduous tree known for its smooth bark, typically found in temperate and boreal forests
白樺, バーチ
the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil, replenishing soil moisture and reducing runoff
浸透, 浸入
the layer of decomposing organic matter, such as leaves, twigs, and other plant material, that accumulates on the soil surface
腐葉土, 有機物の分解
a thread-like structure found in fungi, consisting of a chain of cells that collectively form the fungal mycelium, essential for nutrient absorption and growth
菌糸, ハイファ
small animals or insects that are believed to be destructive and are difficult to handle when they appear in a considerable number
害虫, 有害動物
a barren or unproductive area of land that is unsuitable for agriculture or habitation
荒野, 無人地帯
a type of fruit belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, typically with a hard outer shell, often used for containers, utensils, or as ornamental decorations
ウリ, ボトル
a tall evergreen tree with fine-grained wood, valued for construction and known for its dense foliage
ヘmlok, ヘムロック
a succulent herb with fleshy leaves, commonly used in salads and culinary dishes
ポーチュラカ
