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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Akademiko - Pagsusulit 3 - Pagbasa - Talata 3 (2)

Matuto ng bokabularyo mula sa ikalawang bahagi ng Cambridge IELTS 18 Academic, Test 3 Reading Passage 3, na may mga kapaki-pakinabang na salita at parirala mula sa teksto.

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Simulan ang pag-aaral
Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic
empirical
empirical
[pang-uri]

based upon observations or experiments instead of theories or ideas

empirikal, eksperimental

empirikal, eksperimental

Ex: The scientist relied on empirical data to support her hypothesis about climate change. 

Ang siyentipiko ay umasa sa empirical na datos upang suportahan ang kanyang haka-haka tungkol sa pagbabago ng klima.

to suggest
to suggest
[Pandiwa]

to lead one to believe or consider that something exists or is true

magmungkahi, magpahiwatig

magmungkahi, magpahiwatig

Ex: The cryptic message on the note suggested that there was more to the situation than met the eye. 

Ang misteryosong mensahe sa note ay nagmungkahi na may higit pa sa sitwasyon kaysa sa nakikita.

minimal
minimal
[pang-uri]

very small in amount or degree, often the smallest possible

minimal, napakaliit

minimal, napakaliit

Ex: The risk of side effects from the medication is minimal. 

Ang panganib ng mga side effect ng gamot ay minimal.

to assign
to assign
[Pandiwa]

to categorize or organize something into specific groups or classifications

italaga, ipamahagi

italaga, ipamahagi

Ex: The teacher assigned the students to different groups for the class project. 

Itinalaga ng guro ang mga estudyante sa iba't ibang grupo para sa proyekto ng klase.

to tend
to tend
[Pandiwa]

to be likely to develop or occur in a certain way because that is the usual pattern

may tendensya, karaniwan

may tendensya, karaniwan

Ex: Some plants tend to thrive in direct sunlight, while others prefer shade. 

Ang ilang mga halaman ay may tendensya na umunlad sa direktang sikat ng araw, habang ang iba ay mas gusto ang lilim.

socioeconomic
socioeconomic
[pang-uri]

referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

sosyo-ekonomiko, pang-ekonomiyang panlipunan

sosyo-ekonomiko, pang-ekonomiyang panlipunan

Ex: The study examined the socioeconomic disparities in access to healthcare. 

Tiningnan ng pag-aaral ang mga pagkakaiba sa sosyoekonomiko sa pag-access sa pangangalagang pangkalusugan.

further
further
[pang-abay]

at or to a more advanced point or stage

mas malayo, karagdagang

mas malayo, karagdagang

Ex: To complete the project, we need to push further into the research phase. 

Upang makumpleto ang proyekto, kailangan naming ituloy pa sa yugto ng pananaliksik.

to entrench
to entrench
[Pandiwa]

to establish deeply and firmly, often making something difficult to change or remove

mag-ugat, magpatibay

mag-ugat, magpatibay

Ex: The company's policies are deeply entrenched in its corporate culture. 

Ang mga patakaran ng kumpanya ay malalim na nakatanim sa kultura nito.

divide
divide
[Pangngalan]

a significant disagreement or separation between two groups, often causing tension or conflict

pagkakahati, pagkakabaha-bahagi

pagkakahati, pagkakabaha-bahagi

Ex: The political divide led to heated debates in the legislature. 

Ang pampulitikang pagkakahati ay humantong sa mainit na mga debate sa lehislatura.

influential
influential
[pang-uri]

able to have much impact on someone or something

makaimpluwensya, may malaking impluwensya

makaimpluwensya, may malaking impluwensya

Ex: Her influential speeches inspired many people to take action for social change. 

Ang kanyang maimpluwensyang mga talumpati ay nagbigay-inspirasyon sa maraming tao na kumilos para sa pagbabago sa lipunan.

estimate
estimate
[Pangngalan]

a judgment or calculation of the size, extent, value, etc. of something without knowing the exact details or numbers

tantya, presyo

tantya, presyo

Ex: The scientist gave an estimate of the time it would take to complete the research. 

Ang siyentipiko ay nagbigay ng tantiya sa oras na aabutin upang makumpleto ang pananaliksik.

capable
capable
[pang-uri]

having the ability or capacity to do something

may kakayahan, may kakayanan

may kakayahan, may kakayanan

Ex: She is capable of solving complex problems. 

Siya ay may kakayahan na lutasin ang mga kumplikadong problema.

diverse
diverse
[pang-uri]

showing a variety of distinct types or qualities

iba't ibang, magkakaiba

iba't ibang, magkakaiba

Ex: The team consisted of individuals from diverse backgrounds, bringing a range of experiences and perspectives to the table. 

Ang koponan ay binubuo ng mga indibidwal mula sa iba't ibang pinagmulan, na nagdadala ng isang hanay ng mga karanasan at pananaw sa mesa.

flexible
flexible
[pang-uri]

capable of adjusting easily to different situations, circumstances, or needs

nababaluktot, naaangkop

nababaluktot, naaangkop

Ex: Her flexible approach to problem-solving made her an excellent team member. 

Ang kanyang flexible na paraan ng paglutas ng problema ang nagpabuti sa kanya bilang miyembro ng koponan.

peer
peer
[Pangngalan]

a person of the same age, social status, or capability as another specified individual

kasing-edad, kapantay

kasing-edad, kapantay

Ex: In high school, he struggled to find peers who shared his passion for classical literature. 

Sa high school, nahirapan siyang makahanap ng mga kapantay na nagbahagi ng kanyang pagkahumaling sa klasikong panitikan.

crucial
crucial
[pang-uri]

extremely important or essential

mahalaga, kailangan

mahalaga, kailangan

Ex: It is crucial to follow safety guidelines. 

Mahalagang kritikal na sundin ang mga alituntunin sa kaligtasan.

aspect
aspect
[Pangngalan]

a specific part or side of something that is worth considering

aspeto, panig

aspeto, panig

Ex: From a historical aspect, the building holds great significance in the city. 

Mula sa isang aspeto na pangkasaysayan, ang gusali ay may malaking kahalagahan sa lungsod.

unrecognized
unrecognized
[pang-uri]

not praised, appreciated, or respected for one’s achievements

hindi kinikilala,  hindi pinahahalagahan

hindi kinikilala, hindi pinahahalagahan

to get over
to get over
[Pandiwa]

to convey or communicate a message, idea, or emotion to someone effectively

iparating, maipahatid

iparating, maipahatid

Ex: The keynote speaker was able to get over the importance of environmental conservation. 

Nagawa ng keynote speaker na maiparating ang kahalagahan ng pangangalaga sa kapaligiran.

to operate
to operate
[Pandiwa]

to function in a specific way

gumana, magpatakbo

gumana, magpatakbo

Ex: The machine operates smoothly when all components are in good condition. 

Ang makina ay gumagana nang maayos kapag lahat ng mga bahagi ay nasa mabuting kondisyon.

tool
tool
[Pangngalan]

the means whereby some act is accomplished

kasangkapan, instrumento

kasangkapan, instrumento

to possess
to possess
[Pandiwa]

to have a particular quality, attribute, knowledge, or skill

magtaglay, mayroon

magtaglay, mayroon

Ex: The artist possesses a unique style that sets their work apart from others in the art community. 

Ang artista ay nagtataglay ng isang natatanging istilo na nagtatakda sa kanilang trabaho mula sa iba sa komunidad ng sining.

cognitive
cognitive
[pang-uri]

referring to mental processes involved in understanding, thinking, and remembering

kognitibo, pang-isip

kognitibo, pang-isip

Ex: Cognitive therapy helps individuals recognize and change negative thought patterns. 

Ang cognitive therapy ay tumutulong sa mga indibidwal na makilala at baguhin ang mga negatibong pattern ng pag-iisip.

structure
structure
[Pangngalan]

a system of knowledge organized into interconnected elements

istruktura, organisasyon

istruktura, organisasyon

Ex: The curriculum emphasizes the structure of historical knowledge. 

Binibigyang-diin ng kurikulum ang istruktura ng kaalamang pangkasaysayan.

to pass on
to pass on
[Pandiwa]

to transfer knowledge, traditions, or skills to another person or group, often to ensure they are preserved or continued

ipasa, ipamana

ipasa, ipamana

Ex: The martial arts instructor decided to pass on his advanced techniques only to his most dedicated students. 

Nagpasya ang instruktor ng martial arts na ipasa ang kanyang mga advanced na teknik lamang sa kanyang pinakadedikadong mga mag-aaral.

to master
to master
[Pandiwa]

to learn to perform or use a skill or ability thoroughly and completely

magaling, bihasa

magaling, bihasa

Ex: The chef took the time to master the art of creating intricate desserts. 

Ang chef ay gumugol ng oras upang magpakadalubhasa sa sining ng paggawa ng masalimuot na mga dessert.

zeal
zeal
[Pangngalan]

a great enthusiasm directed toward achieving something

sigasig, kasigasigan

sigasig, kasigasigan

Ex: The teacher's zeal for education inspired her students to pursue knowledge and excel in their studies. 

Ang sigasig ng guro para sa edukasyon ay nagbigay-inspirasyon sa kanyang mga mag-aaral na ituloy ang kaalaman at mag-excel sa kanilang pag-aaral.

freshness
freshness
[Pangngalan]

the quality or condition of being new, recently made, harvested, or experienced

kasariwa, kabaguhan

kasariwa, kabaguhan

Ex: The chef emphasized the importance of using locally sourced ingredients to preserve the freshness of the dishes. 

Binigyang-diin ng chef ang kahalagahan ng paggamit ng mga sangkap na lokal upang mapanatili ang kasariwaan ng mga putahe.

interaction
interaction
[Pangngalan]

the act of communicating or working together with someone or something

pakikipag-ugnayan

pakikipag-ugnayan

Ex: Their interaction during the meeting led to a fruitful collaboration. 

Ang kanilang pakikipag-ugnayan sa panahon ng pulong ay humantong sa isang mabungang pakikipagtulungan.

step
step
[Pangngalan]

a stage in a process or a grade in a scale

hakbang, antas

hakbang, antas

Ex: The next step in the process is to submit your application. 
collaborative
collaborative
[pang-uri]

involving or done by two or more parties working together toward a shared goal

kolaboratibo,  kooperatibo

kolaboratibo, kooperatibo

not to mention
not to mention
[pang-abay]

much less

hindi na nga banggitin, lalo na

hindi na nga banggitin, lalo na

communication
communication
[Pangngalan]

the process or activity of exchanging information or expressing feelings, thoughts, or ideas by speaking, writing, etc.

komunikasyon, pakikipag-ugnayan

komunikasyon, pakikipag-ugnayan

Ex: Good communication is key to a successful relationship. 

Ang mabuting komunikasyon ay susi sa isang matagumpay na relasyon.

to flourish
to flourish
[Pandiwa]

to quickly grow in a successful way

umunlad, yumabong

umunlad, yumabong

Ex: The tech startup flourished in the competitive market, quickly becoming a leading company in the industry. 

Ang tech startup ay lumago sa mapagkumpitensyang merkado, at mabilis na naging nangungunang kumpanya sa industriya.

at the expense of
at the expense of
[Preposisyon]

causing a negative consequence or cost to someone or something in order to benefit another

sa gastos ng

sa gastos ng

Ex: His success came at the expense of his personal life, as he devoted all his time to work. 

Ang kanyang tagumpay ay dumating sa kapinsalaan ng kanyang personal na buhay, dahil inilaan niya ang lahat ng kanyang oras sa trabaho.

bunch
bunch
[Pangngalan]

a group of people, often with something in common

grupo, pangkát

grupo, pangkát

Ex: The new employees were a friendly bunch, eager to get started. 

Ang mga bagong empleyado ay isang grupo na palakaibigan, sabik na magsimula.

reluctant
reluctant
[pang-uri]

not welcoming or willing to do something because it is undesirable

ayaw, walang ganang

ayaw, walang ganang

Ex: Despite his love for adventure, he was reluctant to try bungee jumping because of his fear of heights. 

Sa kabila ng kanyang pagmamahal sa pakikipagsapalaran, siya ay walang ganang subukan ang bungee jumping dahil sa kanyang takot sa taas.

lookout
lookout
[Pangngalan]

a person employed to keep watch for some anticipated event

bantay, tanod

bantay, tanod

to demonstrate

to explain something by providing examples, doing experiments, etc.

ipakita, ilarawan

ipakita, ilarawan

Ex: The biologist demonstrated the process of photosynthesis using a leaf and a light source. 

Ipinakita ng biologist ang proseso ng photosynthesis gamit ang isang dahon at isang pinagmumulan ng liwanag.

to handle
to handle
[Pandiwa]

to deal with a situation or problem successfully

hawakan, pangasiwaan

hawakan, pangasiwaan

Ex: The experienced manager handles challenging projects with ease. 

Ang bihasang manager ay humahawak ng mga mapaghamong proyekto nang madali.

to disrupt
to disrupt
[Pandiwa]

to cause disorder or disturbance in something that was previously orderly or calm

gambalain, abalahin

gambalain, abalahin

Ex: The loud noise from the construction site disrupted their afternoon nap. 

Ang malakas na ingay mula sa construction site ay nakagambala sa kanilang hapunang idlip.

broad
broad
[pang-uri]

impacting or involving a wide and diverse group of people

malawak, malawak na

malawak, malawak na

Ex: The candidate was a politician with broad appeal, drawing support from across the political spectrum. 

Ang kandidato ay isang politiko na may malawak na apela, na nakakakuha ng suporta mula sa buong spektrum ng pulitika.

to favor
to favor
[Pandiwa]

to provide conditions or opportunities that help someone or something succeed

paboran, tulungan

paboran, tulungan

Ex: The warm weather seems to favor the crops this season. 

Ang mainit na panahon ay tila pumapabor sa mga pananim ngayong panahon.

to implement
to implement
[Pandiwa]

to apply or utilize a device, tool, or method for a specific purpose

magpatupad, gumamit

magpatupad, gumamit

Ex: The chef implements a new cooking technique to enhance the flavor of the dish. 

Ang chef ay nagpapatupad ng isang bagong cooking technique upang mapahusay ang lasa ng ulam.

assistance
assistance
[Pangngalan]

help or support given to someone to achieve something

tulong, suporta

tulong, suporta

Ex: She asked for assistance with her homework. 

Humingi siya ng tulong para sa kanyang takdang-aralin.

appropriate
appropriate
[pang-uri]

suitable or acceptable for a given situation or purpose

angkop, bagay

angkop, bagay

Ex: Using safety gear is appropriate when working with machinery. 

Ang paggamit ng safety gear ay angkop kapag nagtatrabaho sa makinarya.

indication
indication
[Pangngalan]

something that serves to show, suggest, or point to a fact, condition, or situation

pahiwatig, tanda

pahiwatig, tanda

Ex: The dark clouds are an indication of approaching rain. 
to point out
to point out
[Pandiwa]

to present and emphasize reasons against a particular idea or suggestion

ituro, bigyang-diin

ituro, bigyang-diin

Ex: During the debate, she pointed out the inconsistencies in her opponent's argument. 

Sa debate, itinuro niya ang mga hindi pagkakapare-pareho sa argumento ng kanyang kalaban.

proportion
proportion
[Pangngalan]

the result obtained when one quantity considered in relation to the whole

proporsyon

proporsyon

Ex: The recipe requires a precise proportion of flour to sugar for the cake to turn out perfectly. 

Ang resipe ay nangangailangan ng tiyak na proporsyon ng harina sa asukal para maging perpekto ang cake.

expectation
expectation
[Pangngalan]

a belief about what is likely to happen in the future, often based on previous experiences or desires

inaasahan,  pag-asa

inaasahan, pag-asa

Ex: Sarah had high expectations for her birthday party, but it turned out to be a small gathering with only a few friends. 

Mataas ang inaasahan ni Sarah para sa kanyang kaarawan, ngunit ito ay naging isang maliit na pagtitipon na may ilang kaibigan lamang.

average
average
[pang-uri]

having no distinctive charactristics

karaniwan, pangkaraniwan

karaniwan, pangkaraniwan

Ex: His appearance was average, with nothing particularly remarkable about his features. 

Ang kanyang hitsura ay karaniwan, walang partikular na kapansin-pansin sa kanyang mga katangian.

disadvantaged
disadvantaged
[pang-uri]

(of a person or area) facing challenging circumstances, especially financially or socially

hindi pinapaboran, nalulugmok

hindi pinapaboran, nalulugmok

Ex: The disadvantaged neighborhood lacked access to quality education and healthcare. 

Ang hamak na nayon ay kulang sa access sa dekalidad na edukasyon at pangangalagang pangkalusugan.

background
background
[Pangngalan]

the details about someone's family, experience, education, etc.

pinagmulan, karanasan

pinagmulan, karanasan

Ex: During the interview, they asked about my educational background. 

Sa panayam, tinanong nila ang tungkol sa aking background sa edukasyon.

impression
impression
[Pangngalan]

an opinion or feeling that one has about someone or something, particularly one formed unconsciously

impresyon

impresyon

Ex: Her cheerful demeanor gave me the impression that she was always happy. 

Ang kanyang masayang pag-uugali ay nagbigay sa akin ng impresyon na siya ay laging masaya.

uncertain
uncertain
[pang-uri]

(of a person) showing a lack of confidence and having doubts about something

hindi sigurado, nag-aalangan

hindi sigurado, nag-aalangan

Ex: The travelers were uncertain about their route, so they stopped to ask for directions. 

Ang mga manlalakbay ay hindi tiyak tungkol sa kanilang ruta, kaya't huminto sila upang magtanong ng direksyon.

rewarding
rewarding
[pang-uri]

(of an activity) making one feel satisfied by giving one a desirable outcome

nakakagantimpala,  nakakataba ng puso

nakakagantimpala, nakakataba ng puso

Ex: Teaching can be a rewarding profession, as educators witness the growth of their students. 

Ang pagtuturo ay maaaring isang kapaki-pakinabang na propesyon, dahil nasasaksihan ng mga guro ang paglago ng kanilang mga mag-aaral.

to acquire
to acquire
[Pandiwa]

to gain skills or knowledge in something

magtamo, makakuha

magtamo, makakuha

Ex: The new employee worked diligently to acquire the necessary technical skills for the job. 

Ang bagong empleyado ay nagtrabaho nang masigasig upang matamo ang kinakailangang teknikal na kasanayan para sa trabaho.

priority
priority
[Pangngalan]

something that is given or regarded as more important than others

priyoridad

priyoridad

to attain
to attain
[Pandiwa]

to succeed in reaching a goal, after hard work

makamit, matupad

makamit, matupad

Ex: After years of studying, she finally attained her dream of becoming a doctor. 

Matapos ang maraming taon ng pag-aaral, sa wakas ay natamo niya ang kanyang pangarap na maging doktor.

meta-analysis
meta-analysis
[Pangngalan]

a study that combines and examines the results of many separate studies on the same topic to find overall patterns or conclusions

meta-analisis, pagsusuring pinagsama

meta-analisis, pagsusuring pinagsama

Ex: The researchers conducted a meta-analysis of 50 studies on reading habits. 

Ang mga mananaliksik ay nagsagawa ng meta-analysis ng 50 pag-aaral sa mga gawi sa pagbabasa.

constructivist
constructivist
[pang-uri]

related to an education theory that says learners build their own understanding and knowledge through active experience, reflection, and interaction with others.

konstruktibista, may kaugnayan sa konstruktibismo

konstruktibista, may kaugnayan sa konstruktibismo

Ex: The teacher used a constructivist approach in the classroom. 

Gumamit ang guro ng constructivist na pamamaraan sa silid-aralan.

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